The Development of Cities

[Kingmaker]

HiHi

Mmmm, I’m a bit stuck here The dating of a given named locations age can only objectively be achieved by looking at when the location received its legal charter and juridic recognition as a "city/town". Rune if you are suggesting that unless we have a written record of title, or a written account of events then yes your original argument is entirely valid, I can’t argue against that. :curse:

I may have picked this up wrong but it appears we may have fundamentally different way of looking at history, you more from Ranke's empiric historiography, me more inclined to the Annales type historiography, in which case this would not be so much a discussion, more of a sectarian war! one regrettably I just ain’t got the time to do justice to, so I will Chicken out and ‘Surrender my Sword’ so to speak. :bow:

But just to tidy up some minor points;
I have a hard time seeing how this is applicable to European pre-history in general.

It wasn’t meant to specifically refer to European pre-history, it was for the There is no evidence that anything "drove" any tribes anywhere. Least of all into the Roman empire bit, something that popped into my head afterwards did not one of the Gothic tribes ? Osteogoths ? specifically appeal to Rome for asylum from the tribes to the East of them ie off the Steppes ?

... they ususally don´t move very far, and they don´t do so in large numbers. Would not the movement of say the Turks form North East China to modern day Turkey belie that, or the movement of the Finns from the Urals to modern day Finland; the Celts march across Europe to the Atlantic Ocean is another example nearer the Pre-history period. As I see it Humans have always had a certain Migratory habit for one reason or another, but usually I would suggest, based on basic survival, ie feeding growing populations, or, move out of the way of bigger hitters!

Anyhow will call it a day there.

All the Best
Peter