P06001
This unit represents a platoon of Type 79 Ko-GATA tankettes. The Type 79 was the Japanese designation for the Renault Ft-17. Some of these vehicles were purchased from France before the war. Other examples were captured from the French consulate in Shanghai. Considered obsolete by the Japanese some of these vehicles were provided to the Manchukuo Army.


P06002
This unit represents a platoon of Type 94 tankettes. In 1943, about 10 Type 94 Tankettes were passed from the Japanese. One armor company was organized with these tankettes.


P06003
This unit represents a platoon of armored cars. The armored cars used by Manchukuo forces were convereted from Isuzu trucks by the Dowa Automobile Company. Each Motorcar Unit possesed about 8 such armored cars.


P06004
This unit represents a unit of Trucks. Trucks used by the Manchukuo Army were commercial purchases. Chevrolet and Dodge trucks were mainly used. Some Japanese trucks by Toyota, Nissan, and Isuzu were also used. A motorcar unit usually had about 20 trucks.


P06005
This unit represents a unit of wagons used for general transport.


P06006
This unit represents horses for a platoon of cavalry. 


P06007
This unit represents enough bicycles for a platoon of men.


P06008
This unit represents small boats.


P06009
This unit represents rafts used for crossing small bodies of water.


P06010
This unit represents a unit of Trucks. Trucks used by the Manchukuo Army were commercial purchases. Chevrolet and Dodge trucks were mainly used. Some Japanese trucks by Toyota, Nissan, and Isuzu were also used. A motorcar unit usually had about 20 trucks.


P06011
This unit represents a unit of passenger cars. A motorcar unit usually had 8 such cars. Passenger cars were used for recon, light transport, and liaison.


P06012
This unit represents motorcyles for a squad of men. Motorcyles were part of motorcar units.


P06101
This unit represents a platoon of mortars. When the Manchukuo Army was established, many Chinese mortars from the Dongbei Armies had been captured. A mortar factory in Fangtien had also been seized. Production continued to supply the Manchukuo Army.


P06102
This unit represents a platoon of mortars. When the Manchukuo Army was established, many Chinese mortars from the Dongbei Armies had been captured. A mortar factory in Fangtien had also been seized. Production continued to supply the Manchukuo Army.


P06103
This unit represents a platoon of capture Chinese infantry guns. Many such weapons were used during the early years of the Manchukuo Army.


P06104
This unit represents a platoon of 70mm infantry guns. As time went on, current Japanese equipment trickled into the Manchukuo Army. 


P06105
This unit represents a platoon of 37mm anti-tank guns. As time went on, current Japanese equipment trickled into the Manchukuo Army. 


P06106
Up to the end of the war, more than half of the mountain guns in use by Manchukuo forces were ex-Chinese Krupp-made weapons.


P06107
Intially, 4 companies of Krupp-made 75mm field guns were used by Manchukuo forces. These ex-Chinese weapons probably served throughout the war.


P06108
Later, after 1934 Type 38 75mm field guns were supplied to Manchukuo in limited numbers by the Japanese.
The Improved Year-38-Type 75mm Field Gun was a modified version of the Krupp Mod. 1905. It was the main divisional artillery piece of the Imperial Japanese Army throughout the war, and also equipped some independent artillery battalions as well as being issued to some independent mixed brigades/regiments. A platoon consisted of two guns and a company had four guns. In the game this unit also represents the later Type 95 Field Gun which, though never built in large numbers, was intended to replace both the Improved Year-38-Type and the Type 90 field guns.

MAX. RANGE
10,600m
SHELL WEIGHT
6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1135kg


P06109
A major role of the Manchukuo army was to provide air-defence for Japanese installations in Manchuria. Relatively modern weapons were provided by the Japanese for this purpose.
The Type 93 Twin 13.2mm Anti-Aircraft Gun, also known as the "Twin-Mount High-Angle Machinegun", was a modified version of the French 1930 Hotchkiss mle 13.2mm machinegun. The gun's cradle incorporated traverse and elevation gears and a seat for a gunner. The weapon was not organic to Imperial Japanese Army infantry units; rather it was issued to the Imperial Japanese Navy, Special Naval Landing Forces, and many independent AA companies and battalions. This unit represents a platoon of two twin guns.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
4000m
SHELL WEIGHT
.12kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
300kg


P06110
A major role of the Manchukuo army was to provide air-defence for Japanese installations in Manchuria. Relatively modern weapons were provided by the Japanese for this purpose.
The Type 98 20mm Anti-Aircraft Gun, known as the HO-KI, was adopted in 1938. It was the standard light AA weapon of the Imperial Japanese Army, and was also commonly employed as a light anti-tank gun. The Type 98 could be disassembled for transport by pack-animal or man-pack. Two guns formed a platoon.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
3660m
SHELL WEIGHT
.14kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
268.7kg


P06111
A major role of the Manchukuo army was to provide air-defence for Japanese installations in Manchuria. Relatively modern weapons were provided by the Japanese for this purpose.
The Type 88 75mm Anti-Aircraft Gun was adopted in 1928 and remained the standard mobile AA gun of the Imperial Japanese Army (and some Special Naval Landing Force units) throughout the war. Although there was nothing outstanding about its design or performance, it was available in numbers. (Some 2500 were produced.) The Type 88 was used not only for AA, but also for anti-tank, ground and coastal defense. This gun was employed by various types of independent/field anti-air regiments, battalions and companies. Two Type 88s formed a platoon, and four (sometimes six) guns formed a company.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
6400m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.58kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2442kg


P06112
Type 41 mountain guns, were slowly handed over to Manchukuo forces. These weapons augmented, but never supplanted the Krupp mountain guns in service.
The Year-41-Type 75mm Infantry Gun was also known as the "rentaiho" (regimental gun). It was originally the Krupp Model 1908 mountain gun, which the Japanese modified to reduce weight. Initially allotted to mountain artillery units, in 1936 it was turned over to the infantry who authorized four in each infantry regiment as a direct-fire support weapon.

MAX. RANGE
6320m
SHELL WEIGHT
6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
544kg


P06201
This unit represents an infantry platoon of about 60 men, armed with rifles, and perhaps a light machingun. Inititally, the soldiers of the Manchukuo army were all mercenaries. Their quality was very low, and many of them were opium addicts, gamblers and scoundrels. They had little loyalty to the state, but subject only to personnal loyalties to leaders. The Manchukuo Army used the weapons which the Chinese had left behind, and there were many kinds of weapons. For example, 26 kinds of rifle and over 20 kinds of pistol were in use.


P06202
This unit represents an infantry platoon armed with Japanese Type 38 rifles and Type 11 light machine guns. Later Manchukuo soldiers were conscripts, and were generally adequately trained by the Japanese. The Manchukuo Army was largely used in bandit suppression and in anti-partisan duties, often with Japanese officers in charge of operations. If properly led, the Manchukuo army could perform well in this role.


P06203
This unit represents a platoon of White Russians serving in the Manchukuo Army. Emigre White Russians served in the Manchukuo Army in the 1930s and 1940s first individually and then as whole units. By 1945 three were about 4000 men on lthe rolls of the Assano brigade alone. The combat effectiveness of the Russians was respected by the Japanese and the shared communist enemy made these troop without doubt the most reliable in the Manchukuo Army, indeed many of them fought on to the end with the Japanese. Many of these units were trained in sabotage, demolition, and engineering skills. 


P06204
This unit represents a platoon of machine guns from the early Manchukuo Army. The weapons would have been ex-Chinese and variable in make and quality.


P06205
This unit represents a late machine gun section armed with japanese Type 3 HMGs or Type 11 LMGs.


P06206
This unit represents a late machine gun platoon armed with japanese Type 3 HMGs or Type 11 LMGs.


P06207
This unit represents an engineer platoon. Around late 1943 or early 1944, 7 engineer "units" were organized. Engineer units increased to 30 units by the end of the war.


P06208
This unit represents a cavalry platoon armed with rifles, and perhaps a light machinegun. Inititally, the soldiers of the Manchukuo army were all mercenaries. Their quality was very low, and many of them were opium addicts, gamblers and scoundrels. They had little loyalty to the state, but subject only to personnal loyalties to leaders. The Manchukuo Army used the weapons which the Chinese had left behind, and there were many kinds of weapons. For example, 26 kinds of rifle and over 20 kinds of pistol were in use.


P06209
This unit represents a Mongol cavalry platoon armed with Type 38 carbines and light machineguns. Many ethnic Mongols from western Manchuria were recruited, many were formed with the White Russian units, such as the Assano brigade.


P06210
This unit represents a late cavalry platoon armed with Type 38 carbines and light machineguns. Cavalry made up an important part of the Manchukuo army. They rode sturdy Mongolian ponies.


P06211
Later Manchukuo Army units were equipped as comparable Japanese units. This would have inlcuded light air defence units.


P06212
Later Manchukuo Army units were equipped as comparable Japanese units. This would have inlcuded light air defence units.


P06213
This unit represents a group of motorcycle troops attached to a Manchukuoan motor-car unit.


P06301
Divisions as such did not really exists in the Manchukuo army. Division sized units were often listed and "Armies".


P06302
Manchukuoan brigades were either mixed (1 infantry, 2 cavalry regiments) or just infantry (2-3 infantry regiments)


P06303
Manchukuoan regiments usually only consisted of two battalions.


P06304
Manchukuoan battalions usually consisted of 3 companies and a mortar company.


P06305
Manchukuoan battalions usually consisted of 3 companies and a mortar company.


P06401
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P06402
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P06403
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P06404
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P06405
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P06406
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P06407
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P06408
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P06409
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P06410
Manchukuo officers were usually of poor quality. Real decisions were left up the Japanese who commanded any large operation. Initiative was discouraged. The duties of a Manchukuoan officer were mostly beaurocratic.


P09001
The Mark VI light tank series formed the numerical majority of British armored strength in 1939-40. Though designed for reconnaissance, necessity often forced them to be used as main battle tanks - with sometimes disastrous results. The Mk VIB carried a water-cooled .303-caliber machinegun and a water-cooled .50-caliber machinegun. Light tank squadrons used these tanks in troops of three. Mk VIBs saw action in and around Singapore (2/42 with the 18th Infantry Division), and on Java (3/42 with C Squadron of the 3rd Hussars). Approximately 1180 were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
14mm
WEIleased tTo the British beginning in early 1941. Better known to the British as the "Honey" because of its reityandling, it was elthe first U.S.-built tank to see action in WWII. The M3 - known as the Stuart I to the British - was used in Burma by the 7th Hussars and 2nd RTR, and in Papua by the 2/6th Australian Armoured Regiment. This unit represents a troop of three tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
2-3 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX ARMOR
38mm
WEIGHT
12.25 tonnes

P09005
The Stuart III was the U.S. M3A1 Light Tank as lend-leased to the British. It incorporated many small improvements over the M3 Stuart I. The Stuart III was used in India-Burma by the 7th Indian Light Cavalry and 45th Indian Cavalry regiments. This unit represents a troop of three tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
2-3 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX ARMOR
38mm
WEIGHT
13 tonnes

P09017
The Lee was a basically unmodified U.S. M3 Medium Tank, about 2900 of which were Lend-Leased to the British. With its turret-mounted 37mm anti-tank gun and 75mm main gun mounted in the front superstructure, it was an outmoded design even in 1942; but in the Pacific Theater it was more than a match for Japanese armor, and packed a substantial anti-personnel capability. The Lee saw action in India-Burma with the 25th Dragoons, who found the vehicles especially well suited for the local conditions. This unit represents both the anglicized M3 Grant (most of which ended up in Australia) and standard production American M3 Lee.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
1 x 37mm gun
3-4 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
28.2 tonnes

P09018
Built on the chassis of the M3 Lee, the M4 Sherman was quite possibly the most famous tank of the war. Built in massive numbers and supplied to all of the Allies, this tank fought in every theater of the war. In Rising Sun, this unit represents all of the generic Sherman Is, IIs, IIIs and Vs, all armed with the 75mm dual-purpose anti-tank/high-explosive gun. Differences in model numbers really relate (in this instance) to variations in powerplant and internal arrangements. The great advantage of this tank was its main gun. While it is true to say that it could not penetrate armor the way the 6pdr could, it could fire HE - something most British tanks of the period could not do. In effect it could take on both infantry and armor with equal ease. The British employed the Sherman in Burma where it performed well. This unit represents a troop of three tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
30.2-32.3 tonnes

P09030
The Infantry Tank Mk II, Matilda II, (A12) had a four-man crew serving its 2pdr gun. Protected by heavy armor, it was more than a match for any Japanese tank in existence. Produced in large numbers (2987 until 1943) and used in all theaters of the war (and even used post-war by Australian reserve forces), it roundly deserved its nickname of "Queen of The Battlefield". Against the Japanese the Matilda was used only by the Australians, who employed it in troops of three tanks (one Matilda CS with a 76mm howitzer and two 2pdr versions). These saw action in New Guinea, Bougainville and Borneo.

ARMAMENT
1 x 2pdr (40mm) gun
1 x 7.92mm machinegun
or
1 x 3-inch (76mm) howitzer
1 x 7.92mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
78mm
WEIGHT
26.9 tonnes

P09915
The Matilda II "Frog" was a flamethrower version of the Matilda II. Designed by the Australians, its flamethrower main armament (which replaced the normal 2pdr gun) was a formidable weapon and extremely useful for eliminating enemy strongpoints. 25 Matildas were converted to Frogs in late 1944, and some were used by the Australians in the summer of 1945 in New Guinea and Borneo.

ARMAMENT
1 x flamethrower
1 x 7.92mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
78mm
WEIGHT
26.9 tonnes

P09033
Based on the chassis and suspension of the A9/A10 series of cruiser tanks, the Infantry Tank Mk III Valentine was developed as a private venture by Vickers and as such never received an ordnance designation ("A" number). Often mistaken as being a light tank because of its diminutive size, the Valentine was in fact a slow-moving, heavily armored infantry tank. Produced in large numbers, by 1943 the Valentine made up a quarter of British tank strength. In the Pacific, 25 were employed by New Zealanders during their invasion of Green Island in February 1944. These included nine converted to a close support (CS) role by the substitution of a 76mm howitzer for the normal 2pdr gun. These CS versions could fire canister as well as HE rounds.

ARMAMENT
1 x 2pdr (40mm) gun
1 x 7.92mm machinegun
or
1 x 3-inch (76mm) howitzer
1 x 7.92mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
65mm
WEIGHT
17.7 tonnes

P09049
The Daimler Scout Car was a result of a War Office request for a small, partially armored vehicle, for use in scouting and liaison roles. More commonly known as the Dingo, this vehicle incorporated some very advanced design concepts for its time. The design was so successful 6,626 vehicles of five different Marks were built. Additionally, Ford of Canada produced a copy of the Daimler called the Lynx, of which 3225 were built. Humber also answered the called for scout cars, building 4300 units. In the Pacific Theater these vehicles were used mainly in Burma. This unit represents a two-car section.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
14-20mm
WEIGHT
3-4.5 tonnes

P09050
The Stuart Recce was a Stuart light tank with its turret removed for use in the reconnaissance role. It was also fitted with a pintle-mounted machinegun. The resulting vehicle was lighter, faster and much less conspicuous than the normal Stuart light tank. Used mainly in India, this unit represents a two-car section.

ARMAMENT
2 x machineguns
MAX ARMOR
38mm
WEIGHT
12 tonnes

P09051
The Humber III and Otter Light Reconnaissance Cars evolved from the many wheeled AFV (armored fighting vehicle) designs rushed into production in the summer of 1940. Based on the Humber 4x4 8-cwt (hundred-weight) truck, the Humber was lightly armored and carried a turreted Bren light machinegun. The Otter was the General Motors of Canada equivalent of the Humber. These vehicles were used for reconnaissance by infantry units and for reconnaissance and scouting with engineers. 5361 of both types were built. This unit represents the typical two-car section.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
20mm
WEIGHT
3.5-4.5 tonnes

P09054
The Marmon-Herrington MFF (Mobile Field Force) Armoured Car was truly an example of combined production effort. It was based on a Canadian Ford 4x2 chassis, used British armament, South African armor and a U.S. 4x4 conversion kit. This vehicle was simple in design, and though poorly armed and lightly armored, it proved to be solidly reliable. About 600 of these were employed by the British early in the war in the defense of Malaya, India and the Netherlands East Indies. This unit represents a three-car troop.

ARMAMENT
1 x anti-tank rifle
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
14mm
WEIGHT
5.5 tonnes

P09056
The Humber III Armoured Car was based on the chassis of the Quad Field Artillery Tractor. A relatively unsophisticated vehicle, it was reliable and performed well in the field. The Mk III model featured a bigger turret which could accommodate three men. This unit represents a two-car section.

ARMAMENT
1 x 15mm machinegun
1 x 7.92mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
20mm
WEIGHT
7 tonnes

P09057
The Humber IV was actually a Humber III fitted with a U.S. 37mm gun. The size of the gun's breech assembly forced a reduction in the turret crew from three to two. These vehicles were used in India-Burma by the 1st Indian Light Cavalry Regiment. This unit represents a two-car patrol.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
1 x 7.92mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
20mm
WEIGHT
7 tonnes

P09058
The Daimler Armoured Car is basically a larger version of the Daimler Scout Car. This vehicle used the turret and main gun from the Tetrarch light tank, which was a huge improvement in firepower over earlier British armoured car designs. The Daimler proved itself to rugged and reliable and was used mainly in the reconnaissance and escort roles. 2,694 were built. This unit represents a two-car section.

ARMAMENT
1 x 2-pdr gun
1 x 7.92mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
7.5 tonnes

P09064
The M7 Howitzer Motor Carriage, or "Priest", was a modified M3 Medium Tank with a 105mm howitzer carried in an open-top compartment. It first saw action in the PTO in Burma with the 18th Field Regiment. Serving in batteries of six, it soon equipped all armored field artillery battalions. This unit represents a battery of four Priests.

ARMAMENT
1 x 105mm howitzer
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
23 tonnes

P09074
This unit represents a section of three carriers used in infantry battalions. One carried a Bren light machinegun, another an anti-tank rifle, and the third a 2-inch mortar. This unit represents three carriers.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
or
1 x anti-tank rifle
or
1 x 2-inch mortar
MAX ARMOR
14mm
WEIGHT
4 tonnes

P09075
This unit represents a specialized version of the Universal Carrier issued to machinegun battalions. It was specially adapted to carry the Vickers water-cooled medium machinegun on top of the engine compartment, a gun which although heavy was incredibly reliable and accurate. The Australians fielded a different version, with a Vickers gun in the front superstructure.

ARMAMENT
2 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
14mm
WEIGHT
4.5 tonnes

P09080
The official designation of this vehicle was "Armoured Carrier, Wheeled, Indian Pattern". Indian Pattern carriers were so known as they were built on simpler lines than their more expensive, fully tracked Universal Carrier counterparts. They were also "tropicalized" by improved engine cooling measures and the fitting of better air filters. They were built in India using Ford parts imported from Canada and locally produced armor plating. Vehicles so built were sold specifically to the Indian Army. 4655 Indian Pattern Carriers were produced.

ARMAMENT
1 x anti-tank rifle
or
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX ARMOR
10mm
WEIGHT
5.5 tonnes

P09087
The DUKW was a U.S.-built amphibious truck. First employed by the British at Sicily, it was used throughout the war. The "Duck" was used to shuttle troops and stores from ship to shore and in river crossings. The DUKW had fairly good land mobility and carried a payload of up to 2275kg. This unit represents a platoon of six DUKWs.


P09089
Light anti-tank guns were occasionally damaged while being towed. To counter this problem, the unlimbered 2pounder (40mm) gun was mounted on the bed of a specially modified truck. The 2-pounder Portee is an example of this. An additional benefit of this system was the mobility it gave the gun. More often than not the gunners fought directly from the portee. This unit represents a platoon of six vehicles.

ARMAMENT
1 x 2-pdr (40mm) gun
MAX ARMOR
none
WEIGHT
5 tonnes

P09090
Officially termed the "Carrier, SP, 4x4, 40mmAA", the Morris C9/B sported a 40mm Bofors AA gun mounted on a Morris Quad Field Artillery Tractor. This vehicle was the most numerous British self-propelled AA gun. This unit represents a six-vehicle troop, one of three such troops which made up a battery.

ARMAMENT
1 x 40mm Bofors gun
MAX ARMOR
none
WEIGHT
9 tonnes

P09091
Built to transport infantry and tow light guns, the Loyd Carrier saw only limited service prior to 1943. As the portee system was in use for anti-tank guns, the Loyd was only used as an infantry transport during these years. After 1943 it was adopted as the standard towing vehicle for the 6-pounder gun and the 4.2-inch mortar. The Loyd was designed to have armor plates attached, but they were rarely fitted. This unit represents a platoon of six vehicles.


P09092
The Quad Field Artillery Tractor was a purpose-built towing vehicle for the 18-pounder and 25-pounder guns. After the introduction of the 17-pounder, the Quad was used to tow this gun as well. Some 28,000 Quads were built. This unit represents a platoon of six vehicles.


P09094
Derived from the "GP" (General Purpose) designation by Ford, the Jeep was a 1/4-ton 4x4 utility vehicle that served many roles: command, liaison, and recon. By the end of World War II, a total of 639,245 Jeeps had been built. In the game this unit represents a number of Jeeps used for towing light guns or carrying light mortars.


P09095
British and Commonwealth forces used a variety of British, Canadian, Australian and American trucks and lorries. During the war, some 900,000 trucks were used for all manner of purposes. This unit represents a variable number of trucks sufficient to transport a platoon of infantry.


P09916
This unit represents a variable number of wagons sufficient to carry men and equipment. For simplicity, wagons are also used in the game to represent pack animals.


P09096
This unit represents a variable number of unarmed and unarmored powered boats used to transport infantry and equipment across water.


P09097
This unit represents a variable number of unarmed, inflatable rafts used to transport infantry and equipment across water.


P09601
The Landing Craft, Personnel (or LCP) was a military adaptation of a commercial motor boat built by the Higgins Company of New Orleans. It had a wooden hull, and troops had to climb over its sides to (dis)embark. The unit in the game represents the LCP(L), which was a large version of the boat. 2193 of these were built, followed by 2631 LCP(R) which had a narrow bow ramp to facilitate loading and unloading.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
none
WEIGHT
6.5 tonnes (unloaded)

P09603
The Landing Craft, Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) was an improved version of the LCV, featuring armor plating and twin .30-cal machinegun armament. Like the LCV, a bow ramp allowed the LCVP to carry a light vehicle or gun. 23,358 LCVPs were built, beginning in 1943.

ARMAMENT
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
10mm (ramp, sides)
WEIGHT
9 tonnes (unloaded)

P09604
The Landing Craft, Assault (LCA) was a 1939 British design. It was slower than the LCVP and not as well armed, but offered its passengers superior protection against light weapons and shell splinters. 2030 LCA were built, and it was the standard infantry landing craft of British forces. A small number were also used by U.S. forces.

ARMAMENT
1 x Bren light MG
2 x 7.7mm
2 x 2-inch mortar
MAX. ARMOR
10mm (ramp, sides)
WEIGHT
9 tonnes (unloaded)

P09605
The Landing Craft, Mechanized (LCM) was a British design originally intended for the transport of a light tank. The most common model was the LCM(3), built mainly by the Higgins Company of New Orleans. This version could carry a medium tank. All LCMs were armored.

ARMAMENT
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
15mm (added armor plates)
WEIGHT
21 tonnes (unloaded)

P09606
The Landing Craft, Tank (LCT) was a British design intended for the transport of several light or medium tanks. The original model was the LCT(1), and by the end of the war the British were using the much larger LCT(4). In the meantime the U.S. produced the LCT(5) and LCT(6).

ARMAMENT
2 x 20mm or 2pdr guns
MAX. ARMOR
20mm (armor plating)
WEIGHT
134 tonnes

P09101
The OML 3-inch mortar was descended from the famous Stokes 3-inch trench mortar of WWI. A serviceable weapon, the OML 3-inch was in widespread service by 1939. However, it lacked the range of its Axis counterparts. British infantry battalions in 1940 were issued two of these mortars.

MAX RANGE
1500m
SHELL WEIGHT
4.54kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
57.2kg

P09102
The OML 3-inch mortar was descended from the famous Stokes 3-inch trench mortar of WWI. A serviceable weapon, the OML 3-inch was in widespread service by 1939. However, it lacked the range of its Axis counterparts. By 1942 improvements in the ammunition and to the mortar itself had, to a degree, redressed this problem. This unit represents a two-mortar section.

MAX RANGE
2550m
SHELL WEIGHT
4.54kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
57.2kg

P09103
In 1941 the OSB 4.2-inch mortar was developed to fire chemical rounds. The fighting in North Africa made it clear that a mortar with greater range than the 2,550m-range of the 3-inch was sorely needed. Consequently HE rounds were quickly developed for the 4.2-inch. Initially the range of an HE shell was unsatisfactory (about 3100m) but new ammo soon rectified this problem. This unit represents a two-mortar section.

MAX RANGE
3900m
SHELL WEIGHT
10.9kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
286kg

P09104
In 1941 the OSB 4.2-inch mortar was developed to fire chemical rounds. Consequently HE rounds were quickly developed for the 4.2-inch. Initially the range of an HE shell was unsatisfactory (about 3100m) but new ammo soon corrected this problem. This unit represents a four-mortar platoon.

MAX RANGE
3900m
SHELL WEIGHT
10.9kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
286kg

P09108
This 2-Pounder Anti-Tank Gun was the standard British AT weapoon of the early war years. Heavy for its caliber, it featured a mount capable of all-round traverse permitting an all-round defense against armor. It was issued to the anti-tank battalions forming part of either an infantry or armored division on a scale of 36 guns per battalion. Excepting inadequate anti-tank rifles, infantry battalions did not have their own organic anti-tank capability until 1942 when they were issued with a platoon of the much more powerful 6pdr (57mm). Seriously handicapped by its lack of HE shell and hitting power, the 2pdr nevertheless continued to soldier on until quite late during the war. This unit represents a platoon of four guns.

ARMOR PENETRATION
52mm@500m
SHELL WEIGHT
1kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
757kg

P09128
The 6-Pounder Anti-Tank Gun was introduced as the replacement for the earlier 2pdr guns. Introduced in mid 1942 as an answer to the German armor that was impervious to the earlier lighter British anti-tank weapons, this weapon proved to be an effective tank killer. The most serious drawback of this weapon was that when initially issued, no HE shell was available for it. 6pdrs did not appear in the war against Japan until late 1943, and in that theater they were issued HE ammunition. This unit represents a section (half-a platoon) of two guns.

ARMOR PENETRATION
83mm@500m
SHELL WEIGHT
2.72-3.18kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
500kg

P09129
The 6-Pounder Anti-Tank Gun was introduced as the replacement for the earlier 2pdr guns. Introduced in mid 1942 as an answer to the German armor that was impervious to the earlier lighter British anti-tank weapons, this weapon proved to be an effective tank killer. The most serious drawback of this weapon was that when initially issued, no HE shell was available for it. 6pdrs did not appear in the war against Japan until late 1943, and in that theater they were issued HE ammunition. This unit represents a platoon of four guns.

ARMOR PENETRATION
83mm@500m
SHELL WEIGHT
2.84kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
500kg

P09145
The OQF 75mm Mark 1 Anti-Tank Gun represents a number of (apparently ex-U.S.) M1897 "French 75s" used as anti-tank guns by the Australians in Malaya.

ARMOR PENETRATION
75mm at 500m
SHELL WEIGHT
5.98kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1190kg

P09112
Originally designed to be disassembled and carried by pack mules, the OQF 75mm Mark 1 Pack Howitzer was later given a new carriage with pneumatic tires, allowing it to be towed by motorized vehicles. It could also be air dropped. In the Pacific Theater Australians used a small number of these late in the war. This unit represents a platoon of three guns.

MAX. RANGE
8700m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
588kg-609kg

P09114
The OQF 18-pounder field gun formed the backbone of British artillery during WWI. Modified for vehicle towing, the 18-pdr (84mm) served with the Allied forces in Malaya, Hong Kong, Burma, and New Guinea until replaced by the 25-pounder. This unit represents a four-gun battery.

MAX RANGE
8520m
SHELL WEIGHT
8.18kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1595kg

P09144
The OQF 25-pounder (Short) Field Gun was an Australian designed weapon, only seeing action in New Guinea. This gun could be disassembled into 14 parts and animal-packed, or towed (fully assembled) by a jeep. This much lighter version of the British 25-pounder was found to have a slower rate of fire, shorter range and lower reliability.

MAX RANGE
9120m
SHELL WEIGHT
11.34kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1600kg

P09115
The OQF 25-pounder Field Gun was by all accounts one of the finest light artillery pieces of the war. By the end of the war it had become the standard artillery piece in all British infantry divisions. The 25-pounder represented in the game is the Mk II model mounted on a turntable platform giving it 360 degrees of traverse. This was a very versatile weapon, firing high explosive, armor piercing and smoke ammunition. This unit represents a four-gun troop.

MAX RANGE
12,500m
SHELL WEIGHT
11.34kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1840kg

P09116
The OQF 3.7-inch Mountain Howitzer was a pack howitzer designed for the Indian Army. This weapon had an unusual feature in that the barrel and breech screwed into the opposite ends of a special junction. This feature gave the gun its nickname, "The Screwgun". It saw action in India, Burma and New Guinea. This gun was used in the Mountain and Light Mountain artillery regiments as well as jungle field regiments. This unit represents a four-gun battery.

MAX RANGE
5480m
SHELL WEIGHT
4.5kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
844kg

P09117
The OQF 4.5-inch Howitzer was a WWI piece modified for vehicular towing. It was used by some BEF (British Expeditionary Force) divisions as part of their artillery compliment. It also saw minimal action in the Pacific Theater, but was eventually replaced by the more versatile 25-pounder. This unit represents a four-gun battery.

MAX. RANGE
6040m
SHELL WEIGHT
15.66kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1494kg

P09119
The OBL 5.5-inch Gun-Howitzer was a medium artillery piece assigned to artillery regiments of British corps. The 5.5-inch weapon used the same carriage as the 4.5-inch gun and in appearance the two weapons were nearly identical. This unit represents a four-gun troop.

MAX RANGE
16,560m
SHELL WEIGHT
45.4kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
6200kg

P09120
The OBL 6-inch Howitzer was another WWI piece still in service in 1940. It saw action in the Japanese conquest of Malaya and later in India-Burma. It was eventually replaced by the 4.5-inch gun and the 5.5-inch gun/howitzer. This unit represents a four-gun battery.

MAX RANGE
10,400m
SHELL WEIGHT
39kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
4210kg

P09121
In the summer of 1940 it was decided to replace the barrel liners of the existing WWI 8-inch howitzers with ones in the 7.2-inch caliber, designating it the OBL 7.2-inch Howitzer MK I. This resulted in an increased range, but at the expense of an increased recoil. As a result, ramps had to be placed behind the wheels when firing. This was not a good system, as the gun had to be re-aimed after every shot. Sometimes the gun rolled over the ramps and considerable time was lost manhandling it back into position. This unit represents a battery of four guns.

MAX RANGE
15,440m
SHELL WEIGHT
91.7kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
10345kg

P09124
The OQF 40mm Anti-Aircraft Gun was actually the Swedish 40mm Bofors AA gun. The British purchased several of these superb weapons from Sweden, Poland, Belgium and Hungary. In 1941 this gun went into production in British factories, as well as factories in Canada and Australia. Fully automatic, the Bofors provided fast, accurate, saturating fire against low-flying aircraft or ground targets. It had a full 360 degree traverse and maximum 90 degree elevation. The Bofors was used to equip light anti-aircraft regiments throughout the PTO. This unit represents a four-gun troop.

MAX EFFECTIVE CEILING
5600m
SHELL WEIGHT
0.9kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2654kg

P09125
The OQF 40mm Anti-Aircraft Gun was actually the Swedish 40mm Bofors AA gun. The British purchased several of these superb weapons from Sweden, Poland, Belgium and Hungary. In 1941 this gun went into production in British factories, as well as factories in Canada and Australia. Fully automatic, the Bofors provided fast, accurate, saturating fire against low-flying aircraft or ground targets. It had a full 360 degree traverse and maximum 90 degree elevation. The Bofors was used to equip light anti-aircraft regiments throughout the PTO. This unit represents a six-gun troop.

MAX EFFECTIVE CEILING
5600m
SHELL WEIGHT
0.9kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2654kg

P09126
The standard British AA gun of WWI, the 3-inch Anti-Aircraft Gun was still in service in 1939. Although considered obsolescent by 1940 standards, this gun gave good service in the British heavy AA regiments. This was not designed for firing at ground targets, and was gradually replaced by the 3.7-inch anti-aircraft gun. This unit represents a four-gun battery.

MAX EFFECTIVE CEILING
4800m
SHELL WEIGHT
7.5kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2727kg

P09127
The OQF 3.7-inch Anti-Aircraft Gun was a very effective AA weapon. However, its design characteristics were such that direct firing vs. ground targets was extremely difficult (the gun layers sat with their backs to the target). This unit represents a four-gun battery.

MAX EFFECTIVE CEILING
9760m
SHELL WEIGHT
12.7kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
9337kg

P09133
4-inch Naval Guns were mounted on destroyers, cruisers and battle-cruisers of the Royal Navy.


P09134
4.7-inch Naval Guns were mounted on destroyers, cruisers and battleships of the Royal Navy.


P09135
5.25-inch Naval Guns were mounted on cruisers and battleships of the Royal Navy.


P09136
6-inch Naval Guns were mounted on cruisers and battleships of the Royal Navy.


P09137
8-inch Naval Guns were mounted on cruisers of the Royal Navy.



P09138
14-inch Naval Guns were mounted on battleships of the Royal Navy.



P09139
15-inch Naval Guns were mounted on battle-cruisers and battleships of the Royal Navy.


P09140
16-inch Naval Guns were mounted on battleships of the Royal Navy.


P09202
This is a section of armored infantry, usually carried into battle by means of Universal Carriers or a derivative thereof. The section comprised of ten men generously equipped with three Bren light machineguns was a powerful unit in its own right. Equipped with an anti-tank weapon and 2-in. mortar in addition to the soldiers' personal weapons, this infantry section possessed a level of firepower quite disproportionate to its size. In later years this section could be seen transported into battle by one of the new generation of armored personnel carriers, the Kangaroo. Prior to 1943 the unit's anti-tank weapon would be a Boys anti-tank rifle; after this date the weapon was normally the PIAT HEAT projector.


P09203
Like in all other armies the British Infantry was the backbone of the army. By 1939 the British army had been continuously involved in colonial and continental warfare for a period of nearly 300 years. As a consequence the infantry arm of the British army could be regarded as probably the best trained and most experienced service in the world. This, added to the strong Regimental system that helped maintain morale through difficulties great and small, made the British infantry a force to be reckoned with. Armed with the superlative Lee-Enfield bolt action rifle which in trained hands could be fired as quickly (and more accurately) than most semi-automatic weapons and stiffened with the equally superb Bren light machinegun, the firepower available to a standard infantry platoon was truly awesome. This unit represents a standard infantry platoon of the period comprising of three rifle sections and a HQ section. Each rifle section boasted 10 men, 8 or 9 of which would be armed with the Lee-Enfield rifle, one with a Bren light machinegun and one who might, depending upon supply arrangements, have a Sten submachinegun. As the war progressed the issue of submachineguns became standardized and it became usual practice for two to be issued per section, one for the section commander and one other. The HQ section comprised the platoon commander, his sergeant, a runner/radioman, a two-man 2-in. mortar team, and two men with an anti-tank weapon and one other. This unit represents the early-war rifle platoon and its anti-tank weapon would be the Boys anti-tank rifle.


P09204
Like in all other armies the British Infantry was the backbone of the army. By 1939 the British army had been continuously involved in colonial and continental warfare for a period of nearly 300 years. As a consequence the infantry arm of the British army could be regarded as probably the best trained and most experienced service in the world. This added to the strong Regimental system that helped maintain morale through difficulties great and small made the British infantry a force to be reckoned with. Armed with the superlative Lee-Enfield bolt action rifle which in trained hands could be fired as quickly (and more accurately) than most semi-automatic weapons and stiffened with the equally superb Bren light machinegun the firepower available to a standard infantry platoon was truly awesome. This unit represents a standard infantry platoon of the period comprising of 3 rifle sections and a HQ section. Each rifle section was comprised of 10 men, 8 or 9 of which would be armed with the Lee-Enfield rifle, 1 with a Bren light machinegun and 1 who may, depending upon supply arrangements would have a Sten submachinegun. As the war progressed the issue of submachineguns became standardized and it became usual practice for 2 to be issued per section, 1 for the section commander and 1 other. The HQ section comprised of the Platoon Commander, his Sgt., a runner/radioman, a two man 2-inch mortar team, and two men with an anti-tank weapon and one other. The anti-tank weapon for this late-war rifle platoon would be the PIAT anti-tank hollow charge projector.


P09214
The Burma Rifles platoon consisted of 30 men equipped with the Lee Enfield rifle, six submachineguns and three Bren light machineguns. This platoon was composed of soldiers native to Burma.


P09206
This unit represents a standard airborne infantry platoon drawn from one of the parachute regiments or newly converted late war glider regiments. Like in all other armies the British Infantry was the backbone of the army. By 1939 the British army had been continuously involved in colonial and continental warfare for a period of nearly 300 years. As a consequence the infantry arm of the British army could be regarded as probably the best trained and most experienced service in the world. This added to the strong Regimental system that helped maintain morale through difficulties great and small made the British infantry a force to be reckoned with. Armed with the superlative Lee-Enfield bolt action rifle which in trained hands could be fired as quickly (and more accurately) than most semi-automatic weapons and stiffened with the equally superb Bren light machinegun the firepower available to a standard infantry platoon was truly awesome. Comprising of 3 rifle sections and a HQ section. Each rifle section was comprised of 8 men, 6 of which would be armed with the Lee-Enfield rifle, 1 with a Bren light machinegun and 2 with Sten submachineguns. The HQ section comprised of the Platoon Commander, his Sgt., a runner/radioman, a two man 2-inch mortar team. The mortar team would also be responsible for the anti-tank weapon, which would be in this later period the PIAT anti-tank hollow charge projector.


P09213
Whoever said that Britons were endowed with a sense of fair play and honest decency has never heard of these fellows. Many British "special" units were created during the war, among the best well known being the Commando Battalions of the Special Service Brigade. Known for their love of the dark and willingness to use the stiletto dagger with which they were issued, Commando units were sent in ever increasing numbers to wreak havoc on the shores of occupied Europe from 1941 onwards. Typical equipment for a commando unit of 30 men would be about 15 submachineguns, 4 Bren light machineguns, 10 Rifles and a Boys anti-tank Rifle (not for tank stopping, but instead frequently fired from a standing position and employed as a sniping rifle!). All "special" units had a high quantity of automatic weapons, explosives and determination and should be considered formidable assault units.


P09215
A Native Irregular Platoon consisted of native pacific islanders trained by the allies as a paramilitary unit. Native "volunteers" frequently supplied well-needed information about enemy troop movements and were commonly used for scouting.


P09209
This unit represents a company drawn from the divisional combat engineers battalion attached to all British divisions. Like the combat engineers found in many armies, combat engineers or "Sappers" were provided with a wide variety of specialist equipment. Deployed in the field to deal with those obstacles considered too awkward or dangerous for regular troops, Sappers could clear and lay minefields, destroy bridges and attack fortifications. Equipment included not only standard infantry equipment but also flamethrowers, demolition charges and specialist clearing equipment like Bangalore torpedoes. Like all British regular infantry units the Sappers could be relied upon to show great measures of skill, determination and reserves of morale.


P09207
This unit represents a section drawn from a machinegun platoon attached to either an independent machinegun battalion or battalion HQ of a standard infantry battalion. This unit consisted of 20 men and was equipped with two of the old yet powerful Vickers Medium machineguns.


P09208
This unit represents a Medium Machinegun Platoon found in the machinegun battalions of the British army. This unit consisting of 40 men was equipped with four of the old but reliable and accurate Vickers machinegun. This platoon was additionally equipped with an anti-tank weapon which depending upon the period would be either a Boys anti-tank rifle or a PIAT hollow Charge projector. Alternatively platoons of this organization could be found attached to many infantry battalion HQs.


P09211
This versatile unit represents a machinegun section of eight men equipped with two Bren guns. The main purpose of this unit is to represent the light anti-aircraft section attached to many HQ formations throughout the army. It can also be used to represent "carrier" crews who have disembarked in order to provide close fire support to the troops they carry and finally it can represent a unit deployed in the defense of HQs, artillery parks and the like.


P09307
This unit represents a British Army HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The Army HQ is the largest headquarters unit you will have on the battlefield.


P09306
This unit represents a British Corps HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The Corps HQ is one echelon below an army level command and is responsible for the divisional units in its command.


P09301
This unit represents a British Divisional HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The Divisional HQ is one echelon below a corps level command and it is responsible for the brigade and regimental units in its command.


P09302
This unit represents a British Brigade HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The Brigade HQ is responsible for the regimental and battalion level units in its command.


P09308
This unit represents a British Regimental (foot) HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The Regimental HQ commands and controls battalion sized units.


P09303
This unit represents a British Regimental (motorized) HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The Regimental HQ commands and controls battalion sized units.


P09304
This unit represents a British Battalion (Foot) HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The battalion is really the lowest level that you will see a true headquarters as part of its table of organization. The Battalion HQ keeps track of the company level units in its command.


P09305
This unit represents a British Battalion (Motorized) HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The battalion is really the lowest level that you will see a true headquarters as part of its table of organization. The Battalion HQ keeps track of the company level units in its command.


P09401
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P09402
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P09403
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P09404
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P09405
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P09406
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P09407
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P09408
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P09409
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P09410
British officers, often drawn from the upper classes of society, were trained from birth to assume positions of leadership. Highly self-reliant and showing great personal initiative, the officer class of the British army coped well with the demands of war. A notable feature of British officers is the amount of trust that was placed in their judgment and in no army other than perhaps the German army were junior officers given such high positions of responsibility. Officers within the British armed services were also often required to train with their men, this being especially true in elite units such as the Commandos, Marines, the SAS and the like. In so doing a bond of trust was forged between the officer and the men under his command. Also prevalent during the wartime period was the promotion of senior NCOs to commissioned ranks. These men, often drawn from the regular peacetime army, had already proved themselves in battle both in terms of leadership and organizational ability. They had the additional experience that could only be gained through service in the ranks.


P10047
The M2A4 was the U.S. Army's newest light tank in 1940. It was very reliable and well armed, but was superseded in 1941 by the M3 light tank. The M2A4 saw action only on Guadalcanal with Company A of the 1st Marine Light Tank Battalion. 375 were built, with 36 going to Britain.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
5 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
10 tonnes

P10048
The M3 light tank was a result of many improvements to the M2A4 light tank. Production started in early 1941, and 5811 (including 1285 with diesel engines) were built. The M3 saw action with the 1st Provisional Tank Group (192nd and194th Tank Battalions) in the Philippines (12/41-4/42), and on Guadalcanal with Company B of the 1st Marine Light Tank Battalion.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
5 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
13 tonnes

P10001
The M3 light tank was based on the pre-war M2A4. In June 1942 an improved version, the M3A1, went into production. This model had a more efficient turret and fighting compartment among other changes. The M3A1 first saw action on Tanambogo I. with Company B of the 2nd Marine Light Tank Battalion. The M3A1 remained in production until January1943. A total of 4621 (including 211 with diesel engines) were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
3 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
13 tonnes

P10049
The M3A1 "Satan" was an M3A1 light tank carrying a Canadian-built Ronson flamethrower in its turret in place of the normal 37mm gun. 24 were built, and they first saw action in June 1944 on Saipan with the 2nd and 4th Marine Tank Battalions. The U.S. Army also used a small number of similar vehicles (modified M5A1s) on Luzon in April and May of 1945.

ARMAMENT
1 x flamethrower
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
13 tonnes

P10002
The M5 was an interim design with many improvements over the M3A1, among these being thicker armor, sloping front hull plates, and twin Cadillac engines with an automatic transmission. In early 1943 it was supplanted on the production lines by the further improved M5A1. The M5A1 first saw action against the Japanese in Feb. 1944 on Roi-Namur (Kwajalein Atoll) with the 4th Marine Tank Battalion. A total of 6810 M5A1s were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
3 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
67mm
WEIGHT
15.4 tonnes

P10003
Commonly referred to as the "Chaffee" in honor of Gen. Adna Chaffee, the "Father of the U.S. Armored Force", this tank was designed to replace the M5A1. It was based on the M18 tank destroyer but had a new turret with a light-weight 75mm gun from the B-25H Mitchell Bomber. In 1944 and 1945, a total of 4195 were built. Historically the M24 did not see action in the Pacific during WWII (though it saw extensive use during the Korean conflict less than a decade later). This unit is included in the game for use in hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
38mm
WEIGHT
18.4 tonnes

P10004
The M3 medium tank was rushed into production to provide U.S. and Allied forces with a superior mobile gun. No turret in or close to production at the time could handle its 75mm gun, however, so its main armament was placed in a limited-traverse "sponson" mount in the right front of the hull. In addition, a high-velocity 37mm gun was mounted in a turret atop the superstructure. The M3 would only see action with U.S. forces in November of 1943 with the 193rd Tank Battalion during the seizure of Makin Atoll. A total of 5811 of the M3 series was built, most of which were lend-leased to other countries.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
1 x 37mm gun
3-4 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
57mm
WEIGHT
28 tonnes

P10005
The M4 "General Sherman" medium tank was based on the earlier M3. It was designed to work with infantry in smashing enemy defense lines, and breaking through to disrupt the enemy's supply and communications network. U.S. doctrine at the time called for tank destroyers to take on enemy tanks, so the Sherman was not given any special anti-tank capability. Its 75mm gun was deemed 'good enough' for exploitation operations. The first use of M4 tanks (aside from the M4A2) was with Company B of the 1st Marine Light Tank Battalion in 12/43. 30,600 Shermans with the 75mm gun were built, using several different types of engines.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
30.2-32.3 tonnes

P10051
The M4A2 Medium Tank equipped with twin GMC diesel engines was the most numerous of the 75mm Shermans produced (8052 built). Most were lend-leased to Allied nations because the U.S. Army favored the gasoline-powered version. However, the USMC preferred the M4A2 because small naval craft were also diesel, and both could use the same fuel. The M4A2's operational debut was with Company C of the 1st Marine Amphibious Corps Tank Battalion in the assault on Betio (Tarawa Atoll). This unit represents a platoon of four tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
89mm
WEIGHT
30 tonnes

P10050
The M4A2 Medium Tank equipped with twin GMC diesel engines was the most numerous of the 75mm Shermans produced (8052 built). Most were lend-leased to Allied nations because the U.S. Army favored the gasoline-powered version. However, the USMC preferred the M4A2 because small naval craft were also diesel, and both could use the same fuel. In early 1944 the size of a Marine medium tank platoon was changed to three tanks, which is what this unit represents. For game purposes it is assumed that one of these tanks carries a bow-mounted flamethrower.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
89mm
WEIGHT
30 tonnes

P10052
The M4A2 Medium Tank equipped with twin GMC diesel engines was the most numerous of the 75mm Shermans produced (8052 built). Most were lend-leased to Allied nations because the U.S. Army favored the gasoline-powered version. However, the USMC preferred the M4A2 because small naval craft were also diesel, and both could use the same fuel. This unit represents a platoon of three tanks. For game purposes it is assumed that two of them carry a bow-mounted flamethrower.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
89mm
WEIGHT
30 tonnes

P10007
Because U.S. Army doctrine called for tanks to be used as infantry support, Shermans were initially given 75mm guns. After clashes with German Tigers and Panthers in Europe, it quickly became clear that a higher-velocity gun was needed. Originally, it was intended that one third of each Sherman unit be equipped with these improved models. 7968 Shermans with the 76mm gun were built. As none of these tanks actually saw combat against Japan, this unit has been included for use in hypothetical invasion of Japan scenarios.

ARMAMENT
1 x 76mm gun
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
89mm
WEIGHT
31.8 tonnes

P10008
4680 Shermans were produced with a 105mm howitzer as main armament. These were used to provide heavy support in medium tank battalions. Each HQ company of a medium tank battalion was authorized an "assault gun" platoon of three Sherman 105s. This type of Sherman saw action in the Pacific Theater from June 1944.

ARMAMENT
1 x 105mm howitzer
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
30.2-31 tonnes

P10053
The POA-CWS-H1 was a Sherman with a Ronson flamethrower mounted in the turret in place of the breech end of the normal 75mm gun. The flamethrower fired through the 75mm gun barrel, making the vehicle virtually indistinguishable from the original tank. This particular unit represents a Marine platoon. Eight POA-CWS-H1s were used on Iwo Jima by the 4th and 5th Marine Tank Battalions (four each). Later Marine tank battalions were authorized nine main-armament flamethrower Shermans.

ARMAMENT
1 x flamethrower
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
30 tonnes

P10073
The POA-CWS-H1 was a Sherman with a Ronson flamethrower mounted in the turret in place of the breech end of the normal 75mm gun. The flamethrower fired through the 75mm gun barrel, making the vehicle virtually indistinguishable from the original tank. This particular unit represents an Army platoon. On Okinawa, fifty-four POA-CWS-H1s formed the Army's 713th Tank Battalion.

ARMAMENT
1 x flamethrower
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
30 tonnes

P10074
The POA-CWS-H5 was a Sherman with a Ronson flamethrower mounted in the turret in place of the coaxial machinegun. This weapon fired through a 75mm gun barrel welded onto the turret. The vehicle retained its 75mm or 105mm armament, giving the tank the look of having two main guns. This particular unit represents a Marine platoon of three 105mm/flamethrower tanks, with three such platoons equipping each Marine tank battalion. The Marines requested 72 POA-CWS-H5s for the invasion of Japan. When the war ended, 70 had been converted from late-model Shermans. As none of these tanks actually saw combat against Japan, this unit has been included for use in hypothetical invasion of Japan scenarios. POA-CWS-H5s did see action in the Korean War.

ARMAMENT
1 x flamethrower
1 x 105mm howitzer
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
31 tonnes

P10075
The POA-CWS-H5 was a Sherman with a Ronson flamethrower mounted in the turret in place of the coaxial machinegun. This weapon fired through a 75mm gun barrel welded onto the turret. The vehicle retained its 75mm or 105mm armament, giving the tank the look of having two main guns. This particular unit represents an Army platoon of five 105mm/flamethrower tanks. At the time the war ended, 70 POA-CWS-H5s had been converted from late-model Shermans. As none of these tanks actually saw combat against Japan, this unit has been included for use in hypothetical invasion of Japan scenarios. POA-CWS-H5s did see action in the Korean War.

ARMAMENT
1 x flamethrower
1 x 105mm howitzer
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
31 tonnes

P10009
Originally conceived as a replacement for the Sherman, with armor and firepower to match the larger, more powerful tanks fielded by the Germans, the earliest form of what would become the M26 Pershing made its first appearance in the spring of 1944 as the medium tank T26E3. Apparently in an attempt to boost the confidence of American tankers, it was redesignated a heavy tank. This was not without rationale, however, as it boasted a 90mm gun and armor that was four inches thick in places. By war's end about 700 M26s had been built. The M26 was also used in the Korean war, reverting back to its original designation as a medium tank. A batch of Pershings was en route to Okinawa when the war ended. Though none of them saw combat vs. the Japanese, this unit has been included in the game for use in hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 90mm gun
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
102mm
WEIGHT
41.8 tonnes

P10064
The M45 was a modified version of the M26 Pershing, with the normal 90mm gun replaced by a 105mm howitzer for increased anti-personnel effects. It was standardized shortly after the end of the war, and not many were built. Some saw combat during the Korean War. In the game it is available only for hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan, and is assumed to have replaced the Sherman 105 in the "assault gun" role in Pershing-equipped tank battalions.

ARMAMENT
1 x 105mm howitzer
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
203mm
WEIGHT
42.3 tonnes

P10045
The Crab was a British-designed device used to clear mines. An M4 Sherman was fitted with a rotating drum to which were attached 43 flailing chains which beat the ground in front of the vehicle to explode the mines. In addition, wire cutters were located at the sides of the drum to cut barbed wire. The Americans used only a small number of these vehicles. This unit has been included in the game for use in hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
33 tonnes

P10010
The M10 Gun Motor Carriage was a "tank destroyer" based on the M4A2 medium tank, but to give the tank destroyer greater mobility its hull was redesigned with thinner armor. It also had a new turret, which was open-topped to increase visibility. Because the 3-inch AA gun was so large and heavy, two 1800-lb. counterweights were attached to the rear of the turret to keep it balanced. Moreover, the heavy turret lacked power traverse. The M10 saw action in the Pacific with the 632nd, 640th and 819th Tank Destroyer Battalions (SP), and in small numbers with the 767th Tank Battalion on Kwajalein. A total of 4993 M10s were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 3-inch (76mm) gun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
64mm
WEIGHT
30 tonnes

P10011
Nicknamed the Hellcat, the M18 Gun Motor Carriage was designed to be very light and fast, and proved to be the fastest tracked vehicle of the war. It was popular with its crews, because its speed allowed it to quickly change positions during a battle. This tank destroyer could have been deployed in 1943, but commanders in Europe wanted to wait for the more heavily armed M36, which was in the final stages of production. Only one M18-equipped battalion saw combat in the Pacific, that being the 637th Tank Destroyer Battalion (SP) which was engaged on Luzon and Okinawa. 2507 M18s were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x76mm gun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
18 tonnes

P10012
Referred to as the Jackson or Slugger, the M36 Gun Motor Carriage was essentially an M10A1 GMC with a new (but still open-topped) turret and a powerful 90mm gun. Because of this firepower it was the most successful of all the U.S. tank destroyers. Unfortunately, many commanders expected to use this vehicle in the battlefield as a tank - a task for which it was not well suited, with its open top and thinner armor. The realization that real tanks were more adaptable in a fast-changing battle ultimately led to the end of the Tank Destroyer Command in 1946. A total of 1413 M36 GMCs were produced. This unit has been included in the game for use in hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
1 x90mm gun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
76mm
WEIGHT
28.2 tonnes

P10014
Designed primarily as an infantry carrier for armored divisions, the M3 Halftrack could carry 13 men, including the driver. It also carried a .30-cal air-cooled machinegun that was pedestal-mounted in the center-forward section of the passenger compartment. (Later a special .50-cal mount was produced; these vehicles were designated M3A1.) U.S. halftracks were faster than similar German vehicles, but had no floor armor, making the troops more vulnerable to mines. Also, their rubber tracks tended to wear out quickly. A total of 12,499 were built. A slightly smaller version - the M2 - was also built, but is represented by the M3 in the game.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
or
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
12.7mm
WEIGHT
8 tonnes

P10015
Based on the M2 Halftrack, the M4 Mortar Carrier provided a mobile mount for the 81mm mortar in mechanized units. Three of these vehicles made up a platoon, which served in the HQ company of tank battalions and armored infantry battalions. About 1200 of the M4 and similar M4A1 Mortar Carriers were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 81mm mortar
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
12.7mm
WEIGHT
8.4 tonnes

P10072
The M3 Gun Motor Carriage was an armored halftrack mounting an M1897A4 field gun for use as an interim tank destroyer pending the arrival of the M10 GMC. In late 1941, fifty were rushed to the Philippines where they were used as self-propelled artillery. Equipping three battalions of the 2nd Provisional Artillery Group, they saw action there against the Japanese until the fall of Bataan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
MAX. ARMOR
16mm
WEIGHT
9 tonnes

P10055
The M3 Gun Motor Carriage was an armored halftrack mounting an M1897A4 field gun for use as an interim tank destroyer pending the arrival of the M10 GMC. In the Pacific the USMC used the M3 for infantry support, labeling it the "SPM" (Self-Propelled Mount). A total of 2202 were built, but 1360 later had their 75mm armament removed and served as personnel halftracks. This unit represents a platoon of two M3s as used through early 1944 in the Weapons Company of a Marine regiment and in the Marine division's Special Weapons Battalion.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
MAX. ARMOR
16mm
WEIGHT
9 tonnes

P10016
The M3 Gun Motor Carriage was an armored halftrack mounting an M1897A4 field gun for use as an interim tank destroyer pending the arrival of the M10 GMC. In the Pacific the USMC used the M3 for infantry support, labeling it the "SPM" (Self-Propelled Mount). A total of 2202 were built, but 1360 later had their 75mm armament removed and served as personnel halftracks. This unit represents a platoon of four M3s as used in Marine regimental weapons companies from early 1944.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
MAX. ARMOR
16mm
WEIGHT
9 tonnes

P10019
The M15A1 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage was an M3 halftrack mounting a 37mm AA gun and two coaxial .50-caliber machineguns. The gun compartment was protected by armored plates. This vehicle was very successful in its AA role. Crews found that they could deceive Axis aircraft into thinking the vehicles were armed only with the machineguns; as overconfident enemy pilots closed to strafe them, the crews would open up with the 37mm gun. Originally assigned to tank destroyer battalions, they were later placed in self-propelled AAA Automatic Weapons battalions. A total of 2332 were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm AA gun
2 x 12.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
12.7mm
WEIGHT
9.5 tonnes

P10021
The M16 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage was an M3 halftrack with four .50-caliber machineguns on an electrically powered Maxson turret that could traverse 360 degrees in six seconds. Used in self-propelled AAA Automatic Weapons battalions, it proved very effective against both low-flying aircraft and 'soft' ground targets. Its rate of fire of 2200 rounds per minute led to its being nicknamed the 'meat chopper'.

ARMAMENT
4 x 12.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
12.7mm
WEIGHT
9 tonnes

P10065
The Twin 40mm M19 Gun Motor Carriage used a modified version of the M24 Chaffee light tank chassis with a new, open-top turret carrying two 40mm Bofors AA guns. The vehicle was accepted in June 1944, and production ran from April to August 1945 with some 300 examples built. Minor design improvements subsequently led to most being redesignated as M19A1. None saw action during WW2, but they were later used in Korea. In the game this unit is available only for hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
2 x 40mm AA guns
MAX. ARMOR
13mm
WEIGHT
17.7-18.7 tonnes

P10023
The M3A1 Scout Car was found mainly in mechanized cavalry troops of infantry and armored divisions, where its functions were to scout enemy positions, screen flanks and provide security. Some were used in tank destroyer battalions as well. Close to 21,000 were built, many of which were given to Allied nations through the Lend-Lease program.

ARMAMENT
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
12.7mm
WEIGHT
5.6 tonnes

P10026
The M8 Light Armored Car served as the primary AFV in mechanized cavalry units, replacing the M3A1 Scout Car and the M2 Halftrack. Although it was lightly armored and undergunned, its crews liked its speed and the cross-country mobility provided by its light weight and 6x6 drive.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
19mm
WEIGHT
7.9 tonnes

P10027
Sometimes referred to as the Scott, the M8 Howitzer Motor Carriage was an M5 light tank modified to carry a new turret that mounted a pack howitzer. It was used for both direct and indirect fire support. In the game this unit represents a two-vehicle platoon in the assault-gun troop of the mechanized cavalry squadron. A total of 1778 were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm howitzer
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
44.5mm
WEIGHT
15.7 tonnes

P10028
Sometimes referred to as the Scott, the M8 Howitzer Motor Carriage was an M5 light tank modified to carry a new turret that mounted a pack howitzer. It was used for both direct and indirect fire support. In the game this unit represents the three-vehicle assault-gun platoon in the HQ company of armored infantry battalions, and of light and medium tank battalions (until replaced by Sherman 105s). A total of 1778 were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm howitzer
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
44.5mm
WEIGHT
15.7 tonnes

P10056
The M7 Howitzer Motor Carriage was a modified M3 Medium Tank with a 105mm howitzer carried in an open-top compartment. The British referred to the M7 as the "Priest" because of the pulpit-like appearance of its AAMG mount. A total of 3490 M7 HMCs were built. This unit represents a platoon of four howitzers as authorized in the regimental weapons company of a Marine division in May 1945.

ARMAMENT
1 x 105mm howitzer
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
23 tonnes

P10029
The M7 Howitzer Motor Carriage was a modified M3 Medium Tank with a 105mm howitzer carried in an open-top compartment. The British referred to the M7 as the "Priest" because of the pulpit-like appearance of its AAMG mount. The M7 was used primarily in the field artillery battalions of armored divisions, but from late 1944 they were also authorized in the cannon company of infantry regiments, replacing the towed M3 105mm howitzer. A total of 3490 M7 HMCs were built. This unit represents a battery of six vehicles.

ARMAMENT
1 x 105mm howitzer
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
23 tonnes

P10066
The M37 Howitzer Motor Carriage was accepted in late 1944 as the successor to the M7 Priest. Based on the M24 Chaffee light tank chassis, the M37 carried the same 105mm howitzer as the M7, but boasted improvements in ammunition capacity, weight, speed and maximum firing range. In January 1945 the vehicle was accepted for production, and 150 were built prior to the war's end - although none were sent overseas during that time. Subsequently they served in the Korean War. In the game this unit is available only for hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 105mm howitzer
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
13mm
WEIGHT
20.9 tonnes

P10067
Development of the M41 155mm Howitzer Motor Carriage began in late 1942. Based on a lengthened M24 Chaffee light tank chassis, it carried a modified version of the towed M1 155mm howitzer at the rear firing forward. The vehicle was not accepted for production until June 1945, and by war's end only 85 had been built. None saw action in WW2, but subsequently they served in the Korean War. In the game this unit is available only for hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 155mm howitzer
MAX. ARMOR
13mm
WEIGHT
19.3 tonnes

P10068
The M40 Gun Motor Carriage mounted the M2 155mm gun on a heavily modified M4A3E8 Sherman chassis designed to accept either that gun or an 8-in. howitzer. Intended as the replacement for the aging M12 GMC, development of the M40 (known at that point as the T83) began in early 1944 and production commenced in February 1945. In May of that year the vehicle was standardized as the M40, and 418 were built by the end of the year. The vehicle's use in WW2 was limited to a single test T83 that saw action in Germany near the close of hostilities. None were used in the Pacific Theater, but the unit is available in the game for hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan. The M40's main combat use came in the Korean War.

ARMAMENT
1 x 155mm gun
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
36.9 tonnes

P10069
The M43 Howitzer Motor Carriage mounted the M1 8-inch (203mm) howitzer on a heavily modified M4A3E8 Sherman chassis designed to accept either that weapon or the 155mm gun. Development under the designation T89 HMC began in late 1944, and acceptance for production occurred in August 1945. 576 vehicles were requested, but when the war ended only 48 had been completed, 24 of which were converted from M40s. The T89 was standardized as the M43 in November 1945. The vehicle's use in WW2 was limited to a single test T89 that saw action in Germany near the close of hostilities. In the game this unit is available only for hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 8-in. howitzer
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
36.4 tonnes

P10070
The T93 Gun Motor Carriage mounted the M1 8-inch (203mm) gun on a heavily modified M26 Pershing chassis designed to accept either that weapon or the 240mm howitzer. The vehicle was intended for use in the Pacific Theater where its powerful armament would be useful in reducing Japanese cave and bunker defenses. Development began in early 1945, but by the end of the war only two test vehicles had been built, at which time the project was canceled. In the game it is assumed that the T93 would have been available in small numbers if the war had continued. Therefore this unit is available for hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 8-in. gun
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
60.3 tonnes

P10071
The T92 Howitzer Motor Carriage mounted the M1 240mm howitzer on a heavily modified M26 Pershing chassis designed to accept either that weapon or the 8-in. gun. The vehicle was intended for use in the Pacific Theater where its powerful armament would be useful in reducing Japanese cave and bunker defenses. Development began in early 1945, but by the end of the war only five test vehicles had been built, at which time the project was canceled. In the game it is assumed that the T92 would have been available in small numbers if the war had continued. Therefore this unit is available for hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 240mm howitzer
MAX. ARMOR
51mm
WEIGHT
58 tonnes

P10033
A Jeep scout section included six jeeps. Three had a mounted machinegun (which is what this unit represents), and the other three carried 60mm mortars and their crews. They served as standard equipment in mechanized cavalry recon platoons from 1943 onward.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
or
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
none
WEIGHT
1.5 tonnes

P10034
Derived from the "GP" (General Purpose) designation by Ford, the Jeep was a 1/4-ton 4x4 utility vehicle that served many roles: command, liaison, and recon. By the end of World War II, a total of 639,245 Jeeps had been built. In the game this unit represents a number of Jeeps used for towing light guns or carrying light mortars.


P10035
Five classes of trucks were standardized by the U.S. Army in 1939: the 1/2-ton, 1.5-ton, 2.5-ton, 4-ton, and 7.5-ton trucks. The 1/2-ton truck was later superseded by the larger 3/4-ton weapons carrier. These vehicles - many of which had 6x6 drive - were used to transport troops, weapons, equipment and supplies. The United States produced some 3.2 million soft-skin vehicles during the war.


P10063
This unit represents a sufficient number of wagons needed to carry supplies, material and men. For simplicity, wagons are also used in the game to represent pack animals.


P10059
The LVT2 amphibious personal carrier was an unarmored tracked landing vehicle whose tracks were configured to propel it in water. The LVT could drive over coral, mud and sand to get to its destination. Its only drawback was that the cargo had to be hoisted over the side to be unloaded (hard for large objects). The first LVT2 landing craft saw combat during the Betio landings in the Tarawa Atoll. A total of 2963 vehicles were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
none
WEIGHT
11.5 tonnes (unloaded)

P10060
The LVT(A)2 amphibious personal carrier was an LVT2 with the addition of bolted-on armor to provide protection for the passengers from small arms fire. The added armor, however, lowered the payload capacity. Like the LVT, the LVT(A)2 could drive over coral, mud and sand to get to its destination. Due to the lack of a ramp cargo had to be manhandled over the sides to be unloaded, which made it difficult to unload large or heavy objects. The first LVT(A)2s saw combat in the Kwajalein Atoll landings with the Army's Provisional Amphibian Tractor Battalion. 450 LVT(A)2s were built, and many more were converted from LVT2s by the addition of bolt-on armor kits.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
12.7mm
WEIGHT
12.6 tonnes (unloaded)

P10061
The LVT4 amphibious personal carrier was the most numerous landing craft (8348 built) during the war. This was a newly designed craft incorporating an armored ramp for protection and better unloading capabilities. Most adopted the bolt-on armor kits used on the LVT(A)2. The first LVT4 landing craft saw action during the Saipan landings.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.62mm machinegun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
12.7mm
WEIGHT
10.6 tonnes (unloaded)

P10058
The LVT(A)1 amphibious tank is an armored vehicle designed for close support for the invading landing crafts. The LVT(A)1 had a turreted 37mm gun, adapted from the M5A1 light tank. Additionally, on either side of the turret and aft of it was a scarf-mounted .30-cal MG. Their first combat use was in the Kwajalein Atoll landings with the Army's 708th Amphibian Tank Battalion and the Marines' 1st Armored Amphibian Battalion. 509 were built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
3 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX.ARMOR
12.7mm
WEIGHT
14.9 tonnes

P10062
The LVT(A)4 amphibious tank is an armored vehicle designed to deal with the heavily fortified positions of the Japanese. The first of some 1890 built were only armed with the turret from an M8 HMC, but because of its vulnerability to Japanese close-assault tactics, extra machineguns were soon added to defend against enemy attackers. The LVT(A)4 was intended to be used as an assault gun and/or SP artillery piece for direct or indirect fire. These vehicles were first used in the invasion of Saipan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
1 x 12.7mm machinegun
MAX.ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
18.2 tonnes

P10046
A wheeled amphibious cargo carrier, the DUKW was actually a 2.5-ton 6x6 truck transformed into a boat. This versatile vehicle was commonly used to land supplies directly onto a beach, then use its wheeled drive, it could proceed inland to deliver its cargo without having to be unloaded on the beach. Commonly referred to as the "Duck", the DUKW acronym is not a true acronym at all; rather, it is a set of code designations: D=1942, U=Utility, K=all-wheel drive, and W=twin rear axles. Over 21,000 were built.


P10036
These were fully tracked unarmored vehicles designed for towing artillery. The two most common models were the M4 and M5 High Speed Tractors. The M4 was used for towing 3-inch and 90mm AA guns, 155mm guns and the 8-inch howitzer. The M5 pulled the 105mm howitzer, the 4.5-inch gun and the 155mm howitzer. A larger model, the M6, pulled the 8-inch gun and the 240mm howitzer. It was intended that all such guns would be tractor-towed, but demand always outstripped supply, leaving many artillery battalions with 6x6 truck prime movers for the duration of the war.


P10057
This unit represents a variable number of horses used by cavalry formations - specifically the 26th Cavalry Regiment, the last horse-cavalry formation in the U.S. Army. The 26th fought on Luzon, and had to eat most of its horses during the siege of Bataan.


P10037
This unit represents a variable number of unarmed and unarmored assault boats used to transport infantry and equipment across water.


P10038
This unit represents a variable number of unarmed and unarmored rafts used to transport infantry and equipment across water.


P10601
The Landing Craft, Personnel (or LCP) was a military adaptation of a commercial motor boat built by the Higgins Company of New Orleans. It had an unarmored wooden hull, and troops had to climb over its sides to (dis)embark. The unit in the game represents the LCP(L), which was a large version of the basic boat. 2193 of these were built, followed by 2631 LCP(R) which had a narrow bow ramp to facilitate loading and unloading.

ARMAMENT
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
none
WEIGHT
9 tonnes (unloaded)

P10602
The Landing Craft, Vehicle (or LCV) was an unarmored (and unarmed) craft with a bow ramp which allowed it to carry a light vehicle or gun. 2366 were built in 1942. Due to their vulnerability to enemy fire, they were quickly superseded by the armored LCVP.

ARMAMENT
none
MAX. ARMOR
none
WEIGHT
7 tonnes (unloaded)

P10603
The Landing Craft, Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) was an improved version of the LCV, featuring armor plating and twin .30-cal machinegun armament. As with its predecessor, a bow ramp allowed the LCVP to unload a light vehicle or gun onto an invasion beach. 23,358 LCVPs were built, beginning in 1943.

ARMAMENT
2 x 7.62mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
10mm
WEIGHT
9 tonnes (unloaded)

P10605
The Landing Craft, Mechanized (LCM) was a British design originally intended for the transport of a light tank. The most common model was the LCM(3), built mainly by the Higgins Company of New Orleans. This version could carry a medium tank. All LCMs were armored.

ARMAMENT
2 x 12.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
15mm
WEIGHT
26 tonnes (unloaded)

P10606
The Landing Craft, Tank (LCT) was a British design intended for the transport of several light or medium tanks. The original model was the LCT(1), and by the end of the war the British were using the much larger LCT(4). In the meantime the U.S. produced the LCT(5) and LCT(6).

ARMAMENT
2 x 20mm guns
MAX. ARMOR
40mm
WEIGHT
134 tonnes

P10101
This unit represents a section of two 60mm mortars as used in Ranger, Marine Raider and early Marine rifle companies. The mortars were not very powerful, but gave the company commander his own private 'artillery' that could bring immediate fire on the enemy from a mile away. Adopted in 1940, the weapon itself was a copy of a French design. About 75,000 were built.

MAX. RANGE
1800m
SHELL WEIGHT
1.36kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
19kg

P10102
This unit represents a section of three 60mm mortars, which were used in rifle, armored infantry, cavalry recon, glider, parachute infantry and Marine rifle companies. The mortars were not very powerful, but gave the company commander his own private 'artillery' that could bring immediate fire on the enemy from a mile away. Adopted in 1940, the weapon itself was a copy of a French design. About 75,000 were built.

MAX. RANGE
1800m
SHELL WEIGHT
1.36kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
19kg

P10139
The Stokes 3-inch mortar was descended from the famous Stokes trench mortar of WWI. A serviceable weapon, the 3-inch was in widespread service by 1939. Used primarily by the Philippine Army, it lacked the range of its Axis counterparts.

MAX RANGE
1500m
SHELL WEIGHT
4.54kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
57.2kg

P10141
This was a copy of the French Brandt 81mm mortar. It could fire both light (7-lb.) and heavy (10.75-lb.) HE bombs as well as white phosphorus smoke shells. In the game this unit represents a section of two mortars as found in the heavy weapons company of early-war infantry battalions. About 30,000 M1 81mm mortars were built during WWII.

MAX. RANGE
3000m
SHELL WEIGHT
3.12 & 4.82kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
61.7kg

P10103
This was a copy of the French Brandt 81mm mortar. It could fire both light (7-lb.) and heavy (10.75-lb.) HE bombs and white phosphorus smoke shells. In the game this unit represents a platoon of four mortars found in Ranger and Marine battalions, and in certain types of HQ companies. About 30,000 M1 81mm mortars were built during WWII.

MAX. RANGE
3000m
SHELL WEIGHT
3.12 & 4.82kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
61.7kg

P10104
This was a copy of the French Brandt 81mm mortar. It could fire both light (7-lb.) and heavy (10.75-lb.) HE bombs and white phosphorus smoke shells. In the game this unit represents the platoon of six mortars found in the heavy weapons company of a standard infantry battalion. About 30,000 M1 81mm mortars were built during WWII.

MAX. RANGE
3000m
SHELL WEIGHT
3.12 & 4.82kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
61.7kg

P10105
Sometimes called the "Goon Gun", the 4.2-inch mortar was originally intended to fire only gas and smoke rounds, but by the time it was first used in combat in Sicily, an HE round had also been developed for it. Unlike most mortars, the 4.2-inch had a rifled barrel instead of a smooth bore; this increased its accuracy, but also made it more expensive to manufacture. The 4.2-inch mortar was used only in chemical mortar battalions, which were attached to divisions from the corps/army level. A total of 8500 were made.

MAX. RANGE
4000m
SHELL WEIGHT
12-15kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
149.8kg

P10134
The T25 155mm mortar was designed to give heavy and immediate fire support to amphibious landings and jungle fighting. In order to be moved the mortar had to be disassembled; a total of three carts were needed. After combat tests in the SW Pacific in 1944, the U.S. decided to withdraw the mortar from service. Only 244 were built.

MAX. RANGE
2292m
SHELL WEIGHT
28.83kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
259.20kg

P10106
Based on the German PaK 35/36, this gun had a manual breech block which lowered its rate of fire. Its usefulness was increased, however, by the addition of a potent canister round for short-range anti-personnel fire - an ammunition which was found to be especially useful in Pacific. 18,702 M3A1 anti-tank guns were built. In the game this unit represents a two-gun platoon. It was usually towed by a Jeep or 3/4-ton truck.

ARMOR PENETRATION
53mm at 500m
SHELL WEIGHT
.86kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
410kg

P10107
Based on the German PaK 35/36, this gun had a manual breech block which lowered its rate of fire. Its usefulness was increased, however, by the addition of a potent canister round for short-range anti-personnel fire - an ammunition which was found to be especially useful in Pacific. 18,702 M3A1 anti-tank guns were built. In the game this unit represents the three-gun anti-tank platoon in an infantry battalion. It was usually towed by a Jeep or 3/4-ton truck.

ARMOR PENETRATION
53mm at 500m
SHELL WEIGHT
.86kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
410kg

P10108
Based on the German PaK 35/36, this gun had a manual breech block which lowered its rate of fire. Its usefulness was increased, however, by the addition of a potent canister round for short-range anti-personnel fire - an ammunition which was found to be especially useful in Pacific. 18,702 M3A1 anti-tank guns were built. This unit represents a four-gun anti-tank platoon as was used in the weapons company of a Marine regiment. It was usually towed by a Jeep or 3/4-ton truck.

ARMOR PENETRATION
53mm at 500m
SHELL WEIGHT
.86kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
410kg

P10109
This was a U.S.-produced copy of the British 6-pounder anti-tank gun. The U.S. Army adopted the British design in order to replace its obsolete 37mm guns as rapidly as possible. It normally fired only AP (armor-piercing) ammunition. About 16,000 were built. In the game this unit represents a platoon of two guns as could be found in the anti-tank company of an infantry or mountain infantry regiment.

ARMOR PENETRATION
73mm at 1000m
SHELL WEIGHT
2.83kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1215kg

P10110
This was a U.S.-produced copy of the British 6-pounder anti-tank gun. The U.S. Army adopted the British design in order to replace its obsolete 37mm guns as rapidly as possible. It normally fired only AP (armor-piercing) ammunition. About 16,000 were built. This unit represents the three guns in an armored infantry company or in the HQ company of a glider infantry regiment.

ARMOR PENETRATION
73mm at 1000m
SHELL WEIGHT
2.83kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1215kg

P10111
This was a U.S.-produced copy of the British 6-pounder anti-tank gun. The U.S. Army adopted the British design in order to replace its obsolete 37mm guns as rapidly as possible. It normally fired only AP (armor-piercing) ammunition. About 16,000 were built. This unit represents a platoon of four guns found in a glider anti-tank company, Parachute Field Artillery Battalion or airborne AA/AT battalion.

ARMOR PENETRATION
73mm at 1000m
SHELL WEIGHT
2.83kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1215kg

P10112
Using the barrel of the 3-inch (76mm) AA gun and the carriage, breech and recoil mechanisms of the 105mm howitzer, this anti-tank gun was large and cumbersome, but performed satisfactorily. It was officially referred to as a "tank destroyer" rather than an anti-tank gun. Approximately 2,500 towed guns were built, and a modified version was used in the M10 Gun Motor Carriage. This unit is only available for use in hypothetical scenarios dealing with the invasion of Japan.

ARMOR PENETRATION
100mm at 1000m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.94kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2175kg

P10135
The deadly canister anti-personnel round of the 37mm anti-tank gun was highly valued in the jungle fighting of the Pacific, but the gun itself could be difficult to move in that type of terrain. A much lighter version, able to be carried by its crew or disassembled and carried on mules, was designed in 1943. This was the T32 Manpack Gun. It weighed only 113kg and was mounted on a modified .50-cal machinegun tripod. Some 255 were built, with 155 of them going to the Pacific Theater in 1944.

SHELL WEIGHT
.86kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
113kg

P10136
The M18 57mm Recoilless Rifle could be considered the first artillery piece able to be carried by one man. Weighing less than 20kg (44 lb), it could be moved through dense jungle with relative ease, and could be fired from a modified .30-cal MG bipod or even from the shoulder, making it a much-desired weapon by the infantry. Its first action in the Pacific was on Okinawa.

MAX. RANGE
4026m
SHELL WEIGHT
1.2kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
18.33kg

P10137
The success of the M18 57mm led to the development of a larger version, the M20 75mm Recoilless Rifle. At 47kg (103 lb), the M20 was too heavy to be fired from the shoulder under normal conditions, but still provided a very powerful punch for its size and ease of movement. Its first action in the Pacific was on Okinawa.

MAX. RANGE
6405m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.5kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
46.76kg

P10113
Originally designed to be disassembled and carried by pack mules, the 75mm Pack Howitzer was later given a new carriage with pneumatic tires, allowing it to be towed by motorized vehicles. It could also be air dropped. This unit represents a battery of four guns as used in Marine, airborne and various other types of field artillery battalions.

MAX. RANGE
8700m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
588kg-609kg

P10140
Originally designed to be disassembled and carried by pack mules, the 75mm Pack Howitzer was later given a new carriage with pneumatic tires, allowing it to be towed by motorized vehicles. It could also be air dropped. This weapon was used in Marine field artillery battalions on many Pacific islands as well as in Burma. This unit represents a battery of six guns as used in the cannon companies of some infantry regiments.

MAX. RANGE
8700m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
588kg-609kg

P10138
The M1897A2 75mm Field Gun was the famed "French 75" as altered and built in the U.S. after WW1. In 1941 the 75mm began to be phased out of service. However, it did see combat in the Philippines with elements of the 23rd, 24th and 88th Field Artillery Regiments, on Java with the 2nd Battalion of the 131st Field Artillery Regiment, and on Guadalcanal. In the game this unit also represents the M1917A1 75mm Field Gun, a post-WWI U.S. conversion of the British 18pdr, which also saw service in the Pacific during the first year of the war.

MAX. RANGE
12,690m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.63kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1544kg

P10143
The M1897A2 75mm Field Gun was the famed "French 75" as altered and built in the U.S. after WW1. This unit represents a two-gun platoon as used by the Marines on Guadalcanal until replaced by the M3 GMC self-propelled version of the gun.

MAX. RANGE
12,690m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.63kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1544kg

P10114
The versatile M2A1 105mm Howitzer was the standard divisional light artillery piece. Towed by 2.5-ton trucks, or in some instances by high-speed tractors, these guns were assigned four per battery, and could use thirteen different types of ammunition.

MAX. RANGE
11,440m
SHELL WEIGHT
15kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1934kg

P10115
The M3 105mm Howitzer was designed to be air-transportable. It had a shorter barrel than the regular M2A1 105mm howitzer and used the carriage of the cavalry version of the 75mm pack howitzer, with a modified recoil mechanism. This unit represents the "cannon company" of six M3s in an infantry regiment.

MAX. RANGE
6633m
SHELL WEIGHT
15kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1133kg

P10118
In June 1940 there were 2,791 M1917 (the original French C 17 S) and M1918 (the U.S.-produced version) 155mm howitzers in service. The weapon was used initially with the 86th Field Artillery Regiment in the Philippines and possibly with the 26th Field Artillery Brigade on Java. It was eventually supplanted, but never entirely superseded, by the more modern M1 155mm Howitzer.

MAX. RANGE
11,250m
SHELL WEIGHT
42.8kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
3715kg

P10119
This gun developed a reputation for both accuracy and reliability. The M1 155mm Howitzer was most commonly used as a companion piece to the M2A1 105mm howitzer in divisional artillery units, with one 155mm medium field artillery battalion per division. A total of 4,035 was built during the war.

MAX. RANGE
14,640m
SHELL WEIGHT
43kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
5432kg

P10120
The M1918M1 was a U.S.-built version of the French "Canon de 155 GPF". In the Pacific Theater these guns were used in the Philippines and in some of the island campaigns, mostly with coast artillery battalions. Eventually they were replaced by the newer and superior M1 155mm gun. 641 were built.

MAX. RANGE
18,390m
SHELL WEIGHT
43kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
11,775kg

P10121
Called the "Long Tom", this gun was used in non-divisional heavy field artillery battalions and coast defense artillery battalions, replacing the older M1918M1 guns. The M1A1 became the standard U.S. heavy weapon during World War II.

MAX. RANGE
23,100m
SHELL WEIGHT
43kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
13,909kg

P10122
The M1 8-inch (203mm) howitzer was first used in combat in late 1943 in Italy, and about a year later made its debut against the Japanese. It gained the reputation of being the most accurate long-range U.S. artillery piece of the war. By 1945, 1006 of these guns had been built.

MAX. RANGE
16,937m
SHELL WEIGHT
99kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
13,471kg

P10123
This weapon consisted of four .50-caliber machineguns mounted on an electrically driven turret, all carried on a four-wheel trailer. The turret-gun combination was the same as found on the M16 AA halftrack. The combination of "quad 50s" and rapid turret traverse (the turret could turn 360 degrees in a mere six seconds) proved a lethal combination against low-flying aircraft.

BULLET WEIGHT
.045kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1088kg

P10124
The development of this gun dated as far back as 1920 when John Browning began its design. However, the WWII version did not enter production until 1939. The same gun was used on the M15 and M15A1 AA halftracks. The Army used the M1A2 in both Mobile and Semi-Mobile AAA automatic weapons battalions. A total of 7278 was built.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
3200m
SHELL WEIGHT
.6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2780kg

P10125
This weapon was a U.S.-built version of the famous Bofors, the most widely used AA gun of World War II. A total of 34,116 was built in the U.S. during the war. It was a superior design to the M1A2 37mm gun, but never completely replaced the latter. The Army used the M1 in both Mobile and Semi-Mobile AAA automatic weapons battalions. In the USMC it could be found in defense battalions.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
5000m
SHELL WEIGHT
.96kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2522kg

P10142
Prior to 1942 the M3 3-inch anti-aircraft gun was found in coast artillery (AA) regiments and Marine defense battalions, and saw combat in early-war actions such as Guam, Wake Island and the Philippines. After 1941 most were relegated to training. More than 800 (both static and mobile mounts) were built.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
9516m
SHELL WEIGHT
5.8kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
7627kg

P10126
The M1A1 90mm Anti-Aircraft Gun entered production in 1940. It was designed only for AA fire, and the inability to depress its gun barrel below the horizontal made it less than ideal for use against ground targets. More than 2000 had been built by the end of 1942, and it saw action in all theaters of the war (e.g., some were emplaced around Henderson Field on Guadalcanal in August 1942). 90mm AA guns were used in Mobile and Semi-Mobile AAA automatic weapons battalions, and in Marine defense battalions.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
10,300m
SHELL WEIGHT
10.6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
8626kg

P10127
The M2 was designed as an improvement over the M1A1 90mm AA gun, as it was determined that AA guns should also be able to engage ground targets. Hence the M2 came to be known as the "triple threat" gun due to its ability to fire at air, sea and ground targets. However, its weight was almost double that of its predecessor. Like the M1A1, it was used in in both Mobile and Semi-Mobile AAA Gun battalions. A total of 7831 were built by the end of the war.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
10,300m
SHELL WEIGHT
10.6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
14,664kg

P10128
5-inch naval guns were mounted on destroyers, cruisers and battleships of the U.S. Navy.


P10129
6-inch naval guns were mounted on light cruisers of the U.S. Navy.


P10130
8-inch naval guns were mounted on heavy cruisers of the U.S. Navy.


P10131
12-inch naval guns were mounted on old battleships, and on Alaska-class battle cruisers, of the U.S. Navy.


P10132
14-inch naval guns were mounted on battleships of the U.S. Navy.


P10133
16-inch naval guns were mounted on battleships of the U.S. Navy.


P10221
Prior to the introduction of bazookas a U.S. rifle platoon consisted of three squads and a small headquarters, with a total of about 40 men. Each 12-man squad was authorized ten M1 Garand rifles, a Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) and a Model 1903 Springfield Rifle. This unit represents the early-war rifle platoon.


P10222
The Philippine Army (PA) rifle platoon consisted of soldiers who by and large had very little training and a woeful lack of equipment. Rifles were old and obsolete types, like the U.S. WWI .30-cal Enfield which was too big for many of the short Filipino soldiers to aim properly and had reliability problems to boot. Automatic weapons were limited to BARs (Browning Automatic Rifles), with sometimes only one being issued per rifle company. Even helmets and uniforms were lacking, with blue denim fatigues frequently worn in place of the standard but too-often unavailable khakis. Discipline was often poor, due to a lack of training and experience, and many men went into battle having never fired a shot. The variety of languages and dialects spoken by the troops and their officers made matters even worse. Nevertheless, those who survived the initial Japanese onslaught fought valiantly on Bataan. Many on the other islands refused to surrender, and moved to the hills to carry on guerrilla warfare.


P10201
In late 1943 bazookas began to be used in the Pacific Theater. The Army rifle platoon now contained three 12-man squads and a small headquarters, with a total of about 40 men. They were equipped with M1 Garand rifles, M1903 Springfield sniper rifles, three BARs and a bazooka. Three platoons plus a weapons platoon made up a rifle company; and three rifle companies plus a heavy weapons company formed an infantry battalion.


P10213
A 1941-42 Marine platoon consisted of three nine-man rifle squads, one eight-man automatic-rifle squad and a seven-man headquarters. Its total strength was 42 men equipped with M1903 Springfield rifles and five BARs (Browning Automatic Rifles). Three platoons plus a weapons platoon and company HQ made up a rifle company; and three rifle companies plus a weapons company and HQ company formed an infantry battalion.


P10223
In early 1943 the automatic-rifle squad was absorbed into the rifle squads, resulting in a Marine platoon of three 12-man squads and a headquarters, totaling 43 men equipped with M1 Garand rifles and six BARs. This organization lasted until October 1943. Three platoons plus a weapons platoon and company HQ made up a rifle company; and three rifle companies plus a weapons company and HQ company formed an infantry battalion.


P10214
In late 1943 Marine platoons began receiving bazookas. This unit represents 43 men equipped with M1 Garand rifles, six BARs and one bazooka. Three platoons plus a weapons platoon made up a rifle company; and three rifle companies plus a heavy-weapons company formed an infantry battalion.


P10215
In early 1944 the Marine platoon was reorganized according to the "fighting team" concept pioneered by the Marine Raiders, in which each squad could be broken down into three four-man teams. The platoon now consisted of 46 men in three 13-man squads and a headquarters. They were equipped with M1 Garand rifles, M2 carbines and nine BARs. Enough bazookas, flamethrowers and demolition kits were pooled in the battalion's HQ company to supply one of each to every squad, and these are assumed to be present in the game unit. Three platoons plus a machinegun platoon and company HQ made up a rifle company; and three rifle companies plus an HQ company formed an infantry battalion.


P10202
The Armored Infantry platoon contained three 12-man rifle squads, a light machinegun squad and a 60mm mortar squad with a total of 40 men. Each rifle squad had M1 Garand rifles, submachineguns, a bazooka and a Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). The men did not normally fight from their halftracks, which were very thinly armored. Standard practice was for the halftracks to carry the soldiers to a point where they could safely unload so they could battle on foot.


P10225
The Parachute infantry platoon consisted of three squads and a small headquarters, with a total of forty men. Each 12-man squad was authorized ten M1 Garand rifles, two M1 carbines, a .30-cal. light machinegun and a Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) - though in reality many of the men actually carried submachineguns.


P10203
The Parachute infantry platoon consisted of three squads and a small headquarters, with a total of forty men. Each 12-man squad was authorized ten M1 Garand rifles, two M1 carbines, a .30-cal. light machinegun, a Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), and a bazooka - though in reality many of the men actually carried submachineguns.


P10216
The Marine Parachute (Paramarine) platoon consisted of forty men equipped with fifty-one submachineguns and nine .30-cal. Johnson light machineguns. With all these automatic weapons it could put out a prodigious amount of fire at relatively short ranges, though the Johnson was not well regarded due to its underdeveloped design.


P10220
A Marine Raider platoon was a small, well-organized group of soldiers trained in hit-and-run tactics. The platoon consisted of about thirty men equipped with M1 Garand rifles, a few submachineguns or carbines, and between three and nine (depending on the date and formation) Browning Automatic Rifles (BAR).


P10204
The Ranger infantry platoon is assumed to contain about two dozen men armed with rifles, two BARs and a bazooka.


P10224
The Native Irregular platoon consisted of native Pacific islanders trained by the U.S. as a paramilitary unit. Carrying out reconnaissance and supplying needed information about enemy troop movement was its major role.


P10207
This unit represents the light machinegun section in the weapons platoon of a rifle company. The section contained about 13 men with two air-cooled M1919A4 Browning .30-cal machineguns.


P10217
This unit represents the light machinegun platoon in the weapons platoon of a rifle company. The section contained about 30 men with five air-cooled M1919A4 Browning .30-cal machineguns.


P10218
This unit represents the light machinegun platoon in the weapons platoon of a rifle company. The section contained about 42 men with six air-cooled M1919A4 Browning .30-cal machineguns.


P10208
This unit represents a machinegun platoon in the heavy weapons company of an infantry battalion. The company contained two such platoons, each with about 26 men and four water-cooled M1917A1 Browning.30-cal. machineguns.


P10219
This unit represents a machinegun platoon in the heavy weapons company of an infantry battalion. The company contained two such platoons, each with about 42 men and six water-cooled M1917A1 Browning.30-cal. machineguns.


P10211
This unit represents a platoon consisting of three .50-cal machineguns found in an infantry battalion. Though issued primarily for AA defense, they were often used in support of ground operations.


P10209
A Combat Engineer platoon comprised three squads with a total of some 30 men. It was armed with standard infantry equipment plus the special equipment needed to do engineering projects. The combat engineer platoon was capable of performing various duties like mine clearance, demolition and construction.


P10210
An Airborne Engineer platoon comprised three squads with a total of some 30 men. It was armed with standard infantry equipment plus the special equipment needed to do engineering projects. The combat engineer platoon was capable of performing various duties like mine clearance, demolition and construction.


P10212
A Cavalry platoon consisted of 37 men equipped with standard infantry weapons as well as two light machine guns. The cavalry platoon was used for reconnaissance, defense, and as a mobile reserve. In the game this unit is used to represent the 26th Cavalry Regiment (Philippine Scouts).


P10307
This unit represents an army-level HQ of the U.S. Army. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The army HQ is the largest headquarters unit you will have on the battlefield.


P10306
This unit represents a U.S. corps HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The corps HQ is one echelon below an army level command and it is responsible for the divisional units in its command.


P10301
This unit represents a U.S. divisional HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The division is one echelon below a corps level command and it is responsible for the brigade and regimental units in its command.


P10302
This unit represents a U.S. brigade HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters.


P10308
This unit represents a U.S. regimental (foot) HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The regiment is the building block of a division and it commands and controls battalion sized units.


P10303
This unit represents a U.S. regimental (motorized) HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The regiment is the building block of a division and it commands and controls battalion sized units. This regiment is comprised of "foot" or light infantry soldiers and generally does not have any organic transportation assets. This regiment is basically the same as a light infantry regiment but it has some organic wheeled transportation assets.


P10304
This unit represents a U.S. battalion (foot) HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The battalion is really the lowest level that you will see a true headquarters as part of its table of organization. The battalion HQ keeps track of the company level units in its command. This battalion is comprised of "foot" or light infantry soldiers and generally does not have any organic transportation assets.


P10305
This unit represents a U.S. battalion (motorized) HQ. The organization of a headquarters for combat operations is designed to facilitate the command and control process. It includes consideration of the physical means of accomplishing the mission - the communications, control centers, and the staffs, facilities, and equipment necessary to gather and analyze information, plan and supervise execution. The commander determines the location, size, composition, and organization of the headquarters. The battalion is really the lowest level that you will see a true headquarters as part of its table of organization. The battalion HQ keeps track of the company level units in its command. This battalion is basically the same as a light infantry battalion but it has some organic wheeled transportation assets.


P10401
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P10402
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P10403
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P10404
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P10405
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P10406
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident motorized commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P10407
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident motorized commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P10408
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident motorized commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P10409
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident motorized commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P10410
A trained and ready army has, as its foundation, competent and confident motorized commanders and leaders. Commanders must exhibit sound leadership traits in order to influence others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction and motivation. The battlefield challenge for any commander, regardless of the level of command, is to inspire solders to do things against their natural will to carry out missions for the greater good of the unit, the army and the country. Commanders are a critical asset to an army's ability to fight, survive and be victorious on the battlefield.


P21002
The Type 94 tankette was a result of the need for a fast armored vehicle with good cross-country mobility. This vehicle was also used for re-supplying front-line troops and could tow fully tracked trailers. The turreted MG on the rear of the superstructure was a good defense weapon used at garrisons in hostile areas. Those produced from 1936 had a revised suspension. In the beginning stages of the war the Type 94 was employed widely but most would end the war as a non-effective pillbox. The Type 94 was used in a wide variety of roles such as infantry support, reconnaissance, and as a command/liaison vehicle.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
12mm
WEIGHT
3.5 tonnes

P21003
The Type 95 SO-KI tankette was a curious tracked and railroad vehicle in one. It could patrol the railroads using its rail wheels and, when desired, hydraulically raise its four flanged rail wheels into its belly, placing the tank on tracks for cross-country movement. The SO-KI also had front and rear couplers which were used to move small cargo trains. Its railroad wheels were even adjustable to compensate for tracks of different gauges. The Type 95 had no standard armament; instead the crew could fire small arms/or an infantry light machine gun through firing slits. For game purposes, all SO-KIs are considered to have a light machinegun as main armament. Most SO-KIs were employed in China and Burma.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
12mm
WEIGHT
9 tonnes

P21004
The Type 97A TE-KE tankette was designed to replace the Type 94 tankette. The new Type 97 had well-sloped armor and an air-cooled diesel engine, making it the most technically advanced tankette of its time. Equipped with a 7.7mm machinegun, it was used for infantry support and resupplying front-line troops. This unit represents a platoon of three tankettes.

ARMAMENT
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
20mm
WEIGHT
4.5 tonnes

P21005
The Type 97B TE-KE tankette was designed to replace the Type 94 tankette. The new Type 97 had well-sloped armor and an air-cooled diesel engine, making it the most technically advanced tankette of its time. Equipped with a medium-velocity 37mm gun, it was used primarily for infantry support. This unit represents a platoon of three tankettes.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37 mm gun
MAX. ARMOR
20mm
WEIGHT
4.5 tonnes

P21007
The Type 2 KA-MI amphibious tank was derived from the Type 95 HA-GO. It featured two multi-compartment pontoons made of steel plate mounted to the front and rear of the hull. The pontoons could be jettisoned from within the tank once they were no longer needed. Twin propellers and rudders provided propulsion and steering in water. The KA-MI was also unusual for a Japanese tank by having a machinegun mounted coaxially with the main gun. About 180 KA-MI were produced, and a few saw action in a defensive role in such places as the Philippines, Kwajalein and Saipan.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
13.2mm
WEIGHT
11.5 tonnes

P21006
The Type 95 HA-GO light tank began production in 1933 and due to its reliability stayed in production until 1943, during which time about 1250 were produced. The HA-GO first saw combat in China in 1937. The Type 95's popularity would surpass the other combat cars and tankettes used at the time. The HA-GO was similar to the Type 89B with its 37mm gun and air-cooled diesel motor but the main difference was the 12mm armor protecting its crew. The HA-GO (nicknamed the KYU-GO ninety-five) first saw action in China in 1937. The HA-GO, along with the CHI-HA medium tank, formed the mainstay of the Japanese tank regiments. This unit represents a platoon of three tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
12mm
WEIGHT
7.5 tonnes

P21025
The Type 95 HA-GO light tank began production in 1933 and due to its reliability stayed in production until 1943, during which time about 1250 were produced. The HA-GO first saw combat in China in 1937. The Type 95's popularity would surpass the other combat cars and tankettes used at the time. The HA-GO was similar to the Type 89B with its 37mm gun and air-cooled diesel motor but the main difference was the 12mm armor protecting its crew. The HA-GO (nicknamed the KYU-GO ninety-five) first saw action in China in 1937. The HA-GO, along with the CHI-HA medium tank, formed the mainstay of the Japanese tank regiments. This unit represents a platoon of four tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
12mm
WEIGHT
7.5 tonnes

P21029
The Type 98 KE-NI light tank began development in 1938 in order to replace the HA-GO light tank. The KE-NI was shorter, lighter and faster than its predecessor - but, like the HA-GO, was still armed primarily with the relatively ineffective 37mm gun. The new design entered production in 1942 and ended a year later after about a hundred had been built.

ARMAMENT
1 x 37mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
16mm
WEIGHT
7.5 tonnes

P21030
The Type 4 KE-NU light tank entered production in 1944 to provide an upgunned replacement for the Type 98 KE-NI. In place of the latter's 37mm gun, the KE-NU carried the complete turret and 57mm gun of the CHI-HA. This combination proved to be unpopular because its increased weight lessened the tank's overall mobility.

ARMAMENT
1 x 57mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
8.4 tonnes

P21008
The Type 89 CHI-RO medium tank, introduced in 1929 and produced by Mitsubishi from 1931, was the first Japanese tank to be mass-produced. Designed for infantry support, the CHI-RO first saw action during the 1932 "Shanghai Incident". The model A with its gas-motor was superseded in 1936 by the model B with an air-cooled diesel engine, revised front hull and redesigned turret. A large number of Type 89s saw action in China; smaller numbers saw combat in Malaya, Burma and the Philippines. This unit represents a platoon of three tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 57mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
12.5 tonnes

P21009
The Type 97 CHI-HA medium tank was introduced in 1937 to fill the need for a faster, more modern tank than the Type 89. At the time the Type 97 was perhaps the most technically advanced design in the world, even utilizing a 12-cylinder air-cooled diesel engine. However, as it was envisioned as an infantry-support tank, its main armament was only a medium-velocity 57mm gun. This put it at a distinct disadvantage in tank-vs.-tank duels. The vast majority of CHI-HAs (of all types) were produced by Mitsubishi. In all, over 1500 were built. This unit represents a platoon of three tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 57mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
15 tonnes

P21026
The Type 97 CHI-HA medium tank was introduced in 1937 to fill the need for a faster, more modern tank than the Type 89. At the time the Type 97 was perhaps the most technically advanced design in the world, even utilizing a 12-cylinder air-cooled diesel engine. However, as it was envisioned as an infantry-support tank, its main armament was only a medium-velocity 57mm gun. This put it at a distinct disadvantage in tank-vs.-tank duels. The vast majority of CHI-HAs (of all types) were produced by Mitsubishi. In all, over 1500 were built. This unit represents a platoon of four tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 57mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
15 tonnes

P21027
The Type 97 CHI-HA medium tank was introduced in 1937 to fill the need for a faster, more modern tank than the Type 89. At the time the Type 97 was perhaps the most technically advanced design in the world, even utilizing a 12-cylinder air-cooled diesel engine. However, as it was envisioned as an infantry-support tank, its main armament was only a medium-velocity 57mm gun. This put it at a distinct disadvantage in tank-vs.-tank duels. The vast majority of CHI-HAs (of all types) were produced by Mitsubishi. In all, over 1500 were built. This unit represents a platoon of five tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 57mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
15 tonnes

P21010
The original CHI-HA Type 97 was fitted with a larger than necessary turret ring in case events proved it necessary to give the tank a bigger turret and/or more powerful gun. The 1939 clash with the Russians at Nomonhan, where the Japanese tanks proved woefully undergunned compared to their Soviet counterparts, showed this to have been a wise decision. Consequently the Type 97 CHI-HA Kai ("modified") was designed, with a new turret mounting a version of the high-velocity 47mm anti-tank gun replacing the original turret and medium-velocity 57mm gun. Mitsubishi produced the vast majority of all CHI-HAs. In 1942 all production of the CHI-HA was switched over to the "Kai" version. The Japanese also referred to this version as the Shinhoto ("new turret") CHI-HA. U.S. and British intelligence referred to it as the Type 97 Improved and Type 97 Special respectively.

ARMAMENT
1 x 47mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
16 tonnes

P21032
The original CHI-HA Type 97 was fitted with a larger than necessary turret ring in case events proved it necessary to give the tank a bigger turret and/or more powerful gun. The 1939 clash with the Russians at Nomonhan, where the Japanese tanks proved woefully undergunned compared to their Soviet counterparts, showed this to have been a wise decision. Consequently the Type 97 CHI-HA Kai ("modified") was designed, with a new turret mounting a version of the high-velocity 47mm anti-tank gun replacing the original turret and medium-velocity 57mm gun. Mitsubishi produced the vast majority of all CHI-HAs. In 1942 all production of the CHI-HA was switched over to the "Kai" version. The Japanese also referred to this version as the Shinhoto ("new turret") CHI-HA. U.S. and British intelligence referred to it as the Type 97 Improved and Type 97 Special respectively.

ARMAMENT
1 x 47mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
16 tonnes

P21033
The original CHI-HA Type 97 was fitted with a larger than necessary turret ring in case events proved it necessary to give the tank a bigger turret and/or more powerful gun. The 1939 clash with the Russians at Nomonhan, where the Japanese tanks proved woefully undergunned compared to their Soviet counterparts, showed this to have been a wise decision. Consequently the Type 97 CHI-HA Kai ("modified") was designed, with a new turret mounting a version of the high-velocity 47mm anti-tank gun replacing the original turret and medium-velocity 57mm gun. Mitsubishi produced the vast majority of all CHI-HAs. In 1942 all production of the CHI-HA was switched over to the "Kai" version. The Japanese also referred to this version as the Shinhoto ("new turret") CHI-HA. U.S. and British intelligence referred to it as the Type 97 Improved and Type 97 Special respectively.

ARMAMENT
1 x 47mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
25mm
WEIGHT
16 tonnes

P21011
The Type 1 CHI-HE medium tank, which began seeing action in 1944, was a redesigned version of the Type 97 CHI-HA. Mitsubishi would eventually build about 580 of these vehicles. The CHI-HE featured a new air-cooled diesel engine, thicker armor and the 57mm gun. The vast majority would be stationed in Japan; some were claimed to have been on Luzon with the 2nd Tank Division and also in Manchuria fighting the Russians in 1945. This unit represents a platoon of four tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 47mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
50mm
WEIGHT
17.2 tonnes

P21028
The Type 1 CHI-HE medium tank, which began seeing action in 1944, was a redesigned version of the Type 97 CHI-HA. Mitsubishi would eventually build about 580 CHI-HE tanks. The CHI-HE featured a new air-cooled diesel engine, thicker armor and the 57mm gun. The vast majority would be stationed in Japan; some were claimed to have been on Luzon with the 2nd Tank Division and also in Manchuria fighting the Russians in 1945. This unit represents a platoon of five tanks.

ARMAMENT
1 x 47mm gun
2 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
50mm
WEIGHT
17.2 tonnes

P21012
The Type 3 CHI-NU medium tank was a Type 1 CHI-HE but with a larger turret carrying a modified version of the Type 90 75mm gun. Mitsubishi built about sixty of the new Type 3 tanks by 1945 when production ceased. It was intended that some of the new CHI-NU tanks would be available to defend Okinawa, but with the lack of transport all remained on the home islands. This unit, which never historically saw action, is included for hypothetical "what if" situations.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
1 x 7.7mm machinegun
MAX. ARMOR
50mm
WEIGHT
18.8 tonnes

P21031
The Type 1 HO-NI 75mm tank destroyer was originally developed as a mobile artillery piece, however its effective anti-tank gun made it more useful vs enemy armor. Its 75mm gun, a modified version of the Type 90 75mm field gun, was mounted in fixed position in an open-topped superstructure. Just over 120 were manufactured, all by Hitachi.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
MAX. ARMOR
50mm
WEIGHT
16 tonnes

P21013
The Type 91 armored car was based on a Sumida 6x4 truck, developed by the Corps of Railroad Engineers to pull small supply trains and patrol the critical rail-lines in China. Production began in 1933 to supply the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and the Manchuria Railways with new vehicles. The Type 91 could run on tracks and in about ten minutes rubber tires could be fitted over the flanged rail-wheels for off-track use. Due to its narrow tires and low power-to-weight ratio, however, off-track mobility was very slow if the vehicle was not on hard ground. Though not intended for front-line use, many would be used in an offensive role on several occasions. The Type 91 saw little if any action outside of the Chinese mainland.

ARMAMENT
1-3 x 7.7mm machineguns
MAX. ARMOR
16mm
WEIGHT
7 tonnes

P21014
The Type 1 HO-NI I 75mm self-propelled howitzer consisted of a CHI-HA chassis carrying a modified Type 90 75mm field gun. The HO-NI I were used as a self-propelled artillery piece or a combination tank destroyer and light assault gun. The Type 1 saw action in China employed within the 3rd Tank Division and on the island of Luzon with the 2nd Tank Division. Hitachi produced the HO-NI I and claimed to have built 124 units.

ARMAMENT
1 x 75mm gun
MAX. ARMOR
50mm
WEIGHT
16 tonnes

P21015
The Type 4 HO-RO self-propelled howitzer was an attempt by the Imperial Japanese Army to build a heavy mechanized artillery piece. This unit consisted of a CHI-HA chassis mounting an obsolete turn of the century Type 38 150mm howitzer. A few HO-RO were encountered by U.S. troops on Luzon in 1945.

ARMAMENT
1 x 150mm howitzer
MAX. ARMOR
50mm
WEIGHT
16.5 tonnes

P21016
The Type 1 HO-KI armored troop-vehicle was developed in 1941 to provide a vehicle that would enable the infantry to accompany tanks in combat and to tow heavy artillery pieces. The HO-KI was shipped early 1944 to the 2nd Tank Division stationed in Manchuria. A few months later the 2nd Tank Division was transferred to the Philippines, where the U.S. first encountered the HO-KI. Whether it was used there primarily as an APC or as a prime mover is unclear.

ARMAMENT
none
MAX. ARMOR
10mm
WEIGHT
6.5 tonnes

P21017
The artillery tractor was an unarmored, full-tracked prime mover for the medium and heavy artillery pieces. This unit represents a conglomeration of the several types artillery tractors employed by the Imperial Japanese Army. The Type 98 4-Ton tractor, developed in 1938, was normally used to tow the Type 90 75mm field gun. The Type 92A I-KE 5-Ton tractor developed in 1932 was used to tow the bigger 150mm howitzer. The Type 98 RO-KE 6-Ton tractor was used to tow the 105mm howitzer, 105mm field gun and the 150mm howitzer. The Type 92 NU-KI 8-Ton tractor was typically used to tow the 150mm howitzer.

ARMAMENT
none
MAX. ARMOR
none
WEIGHT
4 tonnes

P21019
Trucks were used by the Imperial Japanese Army to transport troops, supplies, and artillery pieces. There were two main versions, the Type 94 and Type 97. During the early invasion of Manchuria the Japanese military used Ford, Chrysler and GM trucks that were produced under license in Japan from 1925-27. In the early 30's Japanese manufacturers began producing their own trucks. The Type 94 was a 6 x 4 truck made by Isuzu and used tactically by the IJA. The Type 97 was a 4 x 2 truck made by Nissan and was known as the Nissan 80.

ARMAMENT
none
MAX. ARMOR
none
WEIGHT
5-6 Tonnes

P21020
This unit represents a variable number of wagons sufficient to move a battery of guns or a platoon of infantry. For simplicity, wagons are also used in the game to represent pack animals.


P21021
This unit represents a number of horses sufficient to carry a platoon of cavalrymen. A cavalry company would have anywhere from 180-190 horses.


P21022
The Imperial Japanese Army made very effective use of bicycles as supplemental transportation for its infantry, especially during the early part of the war when it was generally on the attack. Requiring neither fuel nor fodder, bicycles can move troops on improved roads about as can be tactically prudent, and are easily and quickly discarded at no great loss in the event of prolonged engagements. They do, however, require a reasonably well-surfaced road.


P21023
This unit represents a variable number of motorized assault boats used to transport infantry short distances across water.


P21024
This unit represents a variable number of manually-propelled rafts used to transport infantry short distances across water.


P21601
When the Daihatsu Landing Craft first appeared in 1935 it was the world's first ramped landing craft. It was the most common type of landing craft used by the Japanese Army and Navy, with some 5000 being produced. Many different versions were built, differing slightly in length, speed and armament. The original design was based on the traditional Japanese fishing boat. U.S. intelligence referred to the Daihatsu as the Type A landing craft. The vessel was lightly armored.


P21602
The Shohatsu was a steel-hulled motor launch used as a landing craft. The troops were slightly protected by a low armored shield mounted across the front of the passenger compartment. The U.S. designated the Shohatsu as the Type B landing craft. They were presumably carried to the landing site slung from the davits of troop transports.


P21101
The Year-11 Type 70mm Mortar (known to the Japanese as a "Curved-Fire Infantry Gun") was designed in 1922. The base was a large metal-reinforced wooden plate. The barrel was rifled and fired an unfinned projectile. Unlike most medium mortars the Year-11 had no bipod. The mortar was transported on two poles attached to hooks located on the base-plate. Two 70mm mortars were assigned to an infantry-gun company; however in the 1930's they were gradually replaced by Type 92 70mm infantry gun. By 1942 few 70mm mortars remained in front-line service.

MAX. RANGE
1560m
SHELL WEIGHT
2.1kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
74.8kg

P21102
The Type 97 81mm Mortar (known to the Japanese as a "Curved-Fire Infantry Gun") was very similar to the U.S. 81mm mortar, so close that the light HE rounds could be fired from either weapon. An 81mm mortar platoon consisted of four mortars. The Type 97 was generally used in non-divisional mortar battalions and independent mortar companies.

MAX. RANGE
3000m
SHELL WEIGHT
3.27kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
65.9kg

P21103
The Type 97 90mm Mortar (known to the Japanese as a "Light Close-Attack Gun") was an upgraded version of the Type 94 90mm Mortar. In 1931 the Japanese found their early 70mm mortars were being outclassed by the heavier French-made 81mm mortar being used by the Chinese. The Type 94 was designed with two heavy recoil cylinders which greatly increased its weight. In 1937 the Imperial Japanese Army adopted the Type 97 which was similar to the Type 94 aside from the two recoil cylinders, making this a much lighter weapon. This unit represents a platoon of two mortars.

MAX. RANGE
3800m
SHELL WEIGHT
5.22kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
155kg

P21104
The Type 97 90mm Mortar (known to the Japanese as a "Light Close-Attack Gun") was an upgraded version of the Type 94 90mm Mortar. In 1931 the Japanese found their early 70mm mortars were being outclassed by the heavier French-made 81mm mortar being used by the Chinese. The Type 94 was designed with two heavy recoil cylinders which greatly increased its weight. In 1937 the Imperial Japanese Army adopted the Type 97 which was similar to the Type 94 aside from the two recoil cylinders, making this a much lighter weapon. This unit represents a platoon of four mortars.

MAX. RANGE
3800m
SHELL WEIGHT
5.22kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
105.8kg

P21105
The Type 97 150mm Mortar (known to the Japanese as a "Medium Close-Attack Gun") was the largest-caliber Japanese mortar of conventional design. 150mm mortars were mainly used in non-divisional medium mortar battalions. By 1945 some independent mixed brigades included one or two companies of 150mm mortars which were used as heavy artillery. A platoon comprised two martars, with two platoons making a company.

MAX. RANGE
4000m
SHELL WEIGHT
25.88kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
349.6kg

P21108
The Year-11-Type 37mm Infantry Gun (known as a "Flat-Trajectory Infantry Gun") was adopted in 1922 and was fashioned after the 37mm WWI French gun. In service the Type 11 was used to lay cover for mortar groups as well as infantry soldiers. This gun could be easily dismantled for transportation. Fully assembled the gun could be moved by four soldiers using special poles attached to a tripod. A mortar and infantry battalion consisted of two 37mm guns. As the war went on, the Year-11-Type was generally relegated to second-line use due to the newer Type 92 70mm Infantry Gun and Type 94 Rapid-Fire Gun.

MAX. RANGE
2400m
SHELL WEIGHT
1.5kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
93.2kg

P21109
The Type 92 70mm Infantry Gun was commonly referred to as the "daitaiho" (battalion gun). This weapon was designed to replace both the Year-11 Type 70mm Mortar and the Year-11 Type 37mm Infantry Gun. The Type 92 gun was much heavier then the other two guns but it was still extremely light for its caliber and could be manhandled from one position to another. When disassembled the gun could be moved by pack animals or even carried by men if needed. An infantry battalion was authorized a platoon of two Type 92s in its infantry gun company. In some cases two platoons were authorized. Though capable of being used for indirect fire, Japanese doctrine limited the daitaiho to a direct-fire role.

MAX. RANGE
2800m
SHELL WEIGHT
4kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
213kg

P21110
The Year-41-Type 75mm Infantry Gun was also known as the "rentaiho" (regimental gun). It was originally the Krupp Model 1908 mountain gun, which the Japanese modified to reduce weight. Initially allotted to mountain artillery units, in 1936 it was turned over to the infantry who authorized four in each infantry regiment as a direct-fire support weapon.

MAX. RANGE
6320m
SHELL WEIGHT
6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
544kg

P21106
The Type 94 37mm Anti-Tank Gun, also known as the "Rapid-Fire Gun", was used for infantry support and anti-tank defense. The 37mm gun was small and light, and could be dismantled for man or pack-animal transport. Most infantry regiments contained a company of 4-6 Type 94s. There were also a number of independent rapid-fire companies (with eight guns) and battalions (with twelve guns). A platoon normally comprised two guns.

ARMOR PENETRATION
43mm at 455m
SHELL WEIGHT
1.3kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
324.5kg

P21107
The Type 1 47mm Anti-Tank Gun, also designated "Machine-Moved Gun" since it was designed to be towed by a vehicle, was developed in 1941. This was the first Japanese gun to be designated as an anti-tank Gun. The Type 1 incorporated features from the German 37mm and Russian 45mm anti-tank pieces, including pneumatic tires for easy towing. Production started in 1942, by which time the weapon was nearing obsolescence due to the heavier Allied armor. The Type 1 was issued to independent anti-tank companies and battalions, and sometimes to other formations such as infantry regiments. This unit represents a platoon of two guns.

ARMOR PENETRATION
70mm at 455m
SHELL WEIGHT
1.5kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
727kg

P21139
The Type 1 47mm Anti-Tank Gun, also designated "Machine-Moved Gun" since it was designed to be towed by a vehicle, was developed in 1941. This was the first Japanese gun to be designated as an anti-tank Gun. The Type 1 incorporated features from the German 37mm and Russian 45mm anti-tank guns, including pneumatic tires for easy towing. Production started in 1942, by which time the weapon was nearing obsolescence due to the heavier Allied armor. This unit represents a platoon of three guns as found in the rifle companies of mobile infantry regiments in tank divisions.

ARMOR PENETRATION
70mm at 455m
SHELL WEIGHT
1.5kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
727kg

P21140
The Type 94 75mm Mountain Gun was based on the older Year-41-Type 75mm Infantry Gun, and the two looked very similar. It was adopted in 1934, and replaced the Year-41-Type in mountain artillery regiments. It was a light but sturdy gun that could be broken down for animal or even manpack transport. Its main benefit over the Year-41-Type was a 2000m increase in range in a gun of the same weight. A platoon consisted of two guns and a company had four guns.

MAX. RANGE
8300m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.18kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
537kg

P21111
The Improved Year-38-Type 75mm Field Gun was a modified version of the Krupp Mod. 1905. It was the main divisional artillery piece of the Imperial Japanese Army throughout the war, and also equipped some independent artillery battalions as well as being issued to some independent mixed brigades/regiments. A platoon consisted of two guns and a company had four guns. In the game this unit also represents the later Type 95 Field Gun which, though never built in large numbers, was intended to replace both the Improved Year-38-Type and the Type 90 field guns.

MAX. RANGE
10,600m
SHELL WEIGHT
6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1135kg

P21112
The Type 90 75mm Field Gun was based on a French Schneider design. The Imperial Japanese Army adopted the Type 90 in 1930 to replace the older Year-38-Type. There were two versions, each built under great secrecy. One had wooden spoked wheels for horse drawn transport; the other had pneumatic tires for vehicular towing. The horse-drawn version was intended for use in divisional field artillery battalions, whereas the vehicle-towed model was to be used in independent field artillery battalions. The anti-tank potential of this gun was noticed in 1939 against Russian armor, but the weapon was found to have excessive bore wear and recoil malfunctions. Due apparently to these faults, the Type 90 saw service mostly in secondary theaters like China and Manchuria. A platoon consisted of two guns and a company had four guns.

MAX. RANGE
14,000m
SHELL WEIGHT
6kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1400kg

P21113
The Type 91 105mm (10cm) Howitzer was a fairly conventional gun adopted in 1931 and based on a French Schneider design. The Type 91 was produced with both wooden wheels and pneumatic tires. It was used mainly as the divisional level medium artillery piece (although it was issued only to certain divisions and some independent mixed brigades/regiments). Two Type 91 howitzers comprised a platoon; two platoons a company.

MAX. RANGE
10,800m
SHELL WEIGHT
15.77kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1500kg

P21114
The Type 92 105mm (10cm) Field Gun was adopted in 1932 to replace the older Year-14 and Year-38 Type 105mm guns. The Type 92 was a modern design with excellent range for it weight. It was typically employed in field heavy-artillery regiments for long range and counter-battery fire. Two Type 92 guns formed a platoon; two platoons a company.

MAX. RANGE
18,200m
SHELL WEIGHT
15.77kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
3732.3kg

P21115
The Year-38 Type 120mm (12cm) Howitzer was adopted in 1905 and was a modified Krupp weapon manufactured in Japan. This was the standard 120mm artillery piece of the Imperial Japanese Army, issued to field heavy-artillery regiments. The Year-38 was found to be a formidable weapon, and was still being used in 1945 despite its age (a company of four was present on Iwo Jima).

MAX. RANGE
5640m
SHELL WEIGHT
20.4kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1360kg

P21117
The Year-4 Type 150mm (15cm) Howitzer was adopted in 1915 to replace the older Year-38 Type 150mm Howitzer. The Year-4 was one of the earliest artillery pieces of Japanese design (some say the very first). It was issued as heavy artillery to certain infantry divisions, and otherwise equipped field artillery battalions and regiments. For towing it was normally broken down into two loads (very time-consuming), because towing it as a single load had been found to over-stress the gun's long trail, sometimes rendering the gun useless.

MAX. RANGE
9575m
SHELL WEIGHT
35.9KG
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2797kg

P21118
The Type 96 150mm Howitzer was a modern, newly designed weapon adopted in 1936. It used the same ammunition as the Year-4 Type howitzer, but had a longer range and could be towed as a single load. Although it was the intended replacement of the Year-4, a low production priority resulted in it merely augmenting the Imperial Japanese Army supply of 150mm howitzers. The Type 96 was used primarily in field heavy-artillery battalions and regiments. A platoon consisted of two Type 96 and a company had four.

MAX. RANGE
11,880m
SHELL WEIGHT
30.8kg (new design)
WEIGHT IN ACTION
4135kg

P21119
The Type 89 150mm Gun was designed in 1929 for the Imperial Japanese Army as a heavy artillery piece. For transport the gun was laboriously disassembled into two pieces; putting it back into firing position required several hours of labor. The Type 89 was used mainly as a long-range counter-battery artillery piece. The Allies encountered it during the early months of the war, but thereafter most of these guns were withdrawn to the Japanese homeland.

MAX. RANGE
20,000m
SHELL WEIGHT
45.9kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
10409kg

P21120
The Year-3-Type 80mm Dual Purpose Gun was a fixed-mount, dual-purpose weapon that could be used in an anti-aircraft role or vs. surface targets. Based on a Vickers design, it was developed in 1914 for the Japanese Navy, and could be found on many naval vessels. In 1941 some of these guns began to be emplaced ashore in the dual role of AA and coastal defense. Allied intelligence erroneously labeled this gun the Type 10. Despite its "80mm" name, its actual caliber size was 76.2mm.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
5490m
SHELL WEIGHT
5.76kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2401kg

P21121
The Type 98 Twin 100mm Dual Purpose Gun was a twin-barrel dual-purpose weapon that could be used in an anti-aircraft role or vs. surface targets. Originally developed for the 1942 "Terutsuki" class destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, small numbers of these guns were encountered on land (e.g., on Iwo Jima), emplaced in fixed-mount positions. With their twin barrels and high muzzle velocity of over 3000m per second, they were the most powerful and deadly dual-purpose guns encountered by the Allies in the Pacific Theater.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
10,675m
SHELL WEIGHT
13.2kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
3960kg

P21122
The Year-10-Type 120mm Dual Purpose Gun was a fixed-mount, dual-purpose weapon introduced in 1921. Originally fitted to destroyers and similar craft, by 1941 it had been adopted for coastal defense vs. air and surface targets. In the Pacific island-hopping campaigns it was the most commonly encountered large (100+mm) DP gun. It proved to be a potent anti-tank gun on more than one occasion.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
8235m
SHELL WEIGHT
20.8kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2950kg

P21123
The Type 89 Twin 127mm Dual Purpose Gun was a twin-barrel weapon originally adopted by the Japanese Navy for AA use aboard heavy cruisers and battleships. The gun itself was of rather low velocity and had a mediocre rate of fire. Many, complete with their electrically powered turrets, were eventually placed on land. They were first encountered on Betio, and in such places as the Gilbert and Marshall island groups.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
7625m
SHELL WEIGHT
23kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
3020kg

P21124
The Year-3-Type 140mm Coast-Defense Gun was a powerful fixed-mount artillery piece originally designed for use on WWI-era light cruisers and battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Later, many were added to Pacific island garrisons for anti-ship defense. Some had armored shields to protect their crews.

MAX. RANGE
17,000m
SHELL WEIGHT
37.7kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
3990kg

P21125
The Type 96 150mm Coast-Defense Gun was a fixed-mount heavy artillery piece. This unit actually represents several different guns of this caliber, usually ex-naval pieces, which were permanently emplaced at various sites along the Japanese coastline and occasionally as part of island defenses.

MAX. RANGE
11,870m
SHELL WEIGHT
30.8kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
4135kg

P21126
The Type 93 Twin 13.2mm Anti-Aircraft Gun, also known as the "Twin-Mount High-Angle Machinegun", was a modified version of the French 1930 Hotchkiss mle 13.2mm machinegun. The gun's cradle incorporated traverse and elevation gears and a seat for a gunner. The weapon was not organic to Imperial Japanese Army infantry units; rather it was issued to the Imperial Japanese Navy, Special Naval Landing Forces, and many independent AA companies and battalions. This unit represents a platoon of two twin guns.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
4000m
SHELL WEIGHT
.12kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
300kg

P21127
The Type 98 20mm Anti-Aircraft Gun, known as the HO-KI, was adopted in 1938. It was the standard light AA weapon of the Imperial Japanese Army, and was also commonly employed as a light anti-tank gun. The Type 98 could be disassembled for transport by pack-animal or man-pack. Two guns formed a platoon.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
3660m
SHELL WEIGHT
.14kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
268.7kg

P21128
The Type 96 25mm Anti-Aircraft Gun was the standard light AA armament of Imperial Japanese Navy vessels, and was also commonly used to protect airfields, harbors, beaches and other installations. Beach-defense guns were often placed in bunkers positioned to bring fire on any approaching landing craft. A company of Type 96s generally comprised 4-6 mountings, with two per platoon. Some guns had one barrel, while others had two or even three. This unit represents a platoon of two single-barrel guns on mobile carriages.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
1373m
SHELL WEIGHT
.24kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1100kg

P21129
The Type 96 Twin 25mm Anti-Aircraft Gun was the standard light AA armament of Imperial Japanese Navy vessels, and was also commonly used to protect airfields, harbors, beaches and other installations. Beach-defense guns were often placed in bunkers positioned to bring fire on any approaching landing craft. A company of Type 96s generally comprised 4-6 mountings, with two per platoon. Some guns had one barrel, while others had two or even three. This unit represents a platoon of two twin-barrel guns on static mounts.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
1373m
SHELL WEIGHT
.24kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
1818kg

P21130
The Type 96 Triple 25mm Anti-Aircraft Gun was the standard light AA armament of Imperial Japanese Navy vessels, and was also commonly used to protect airfields, harbors, beaches and other installations. Beach defense guns were often placed in bunkers positioned to bring fire on any approaching landing craft. A company of Type 96 generally comprised 4-6 mountings, with two per platoon. Some guns had one barrel, while others had two or even three. This unit represents a platoon of two triple-barrel guns on static mounts.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
1373m
SHELL WEIGHT
.24kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2420kg

P21131
The Type 88 75mm Anti-Aircraft Gun was adopted in 1928 and remained the standard mobile AA gun of the Imperial Japanese Army (and some Special Naval Landing Force units) throughout the war. Although there was nothing outstanding about its design or performance, it was available in numbers. (Some 2500 were produced.) The Type 88 was used not only for AA, but also for anti-tank, ground and coastal defense. This gun was employed by various types of independent/field anti-air regiments, battalions and companies. Two Type 88s formed a platoon, and four (sometimes six) guns formed a company.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
6400m
SHELL WEIGHT
6.58kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
2442kg

P21132
The Type 99 88mm Anti-Aircraft Gun was a fixed-mount dual-purpose gun used for AA and coast defense. Designed after German Rheinmetall-Borsig naval guns of the 1930s, the Type 99 had a pedestal mount with an armored cage protecting the gun layer's position.

MAX. EFFECTIVE CEILING
7800m
Shell Weight
8.17kg
WEIGHT IN ACTION
6610kg

P21134
120mm (4.7-in.) Naval Guns were mounted on destroyers, battleships and cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. In the game these actually represent both 4.7-in. and 5-in. (127mm) guns.


P21141
140mm (5.5-in.) Naval Guns were mounted on light cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy.


P21135
155mm (6.1-in.) Naval Guns were mounted on light cruisers and battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy. In the game these actually represent both 6.1-in. and 6-in. (152mm) guns.


P21136
200mm (8-in.) Naval Guns were mounted on heavy cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy.


P21137
360mm (14-in.) Naval Guns were mounted on battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy.


P21138
410mm (16-in.) Naval Guns were mounted on battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy.


P21201
This unit represents the standard 2nd-line rifle platoon of sixty men equipped with Arisaka 6.5mm rifles, two 6.5mm light machineguns and two 50mm mortars. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21202
This unit represents the standard 1st-line rifle platoon of about 62 men equipped with Arisaka 6.5mm or 7.7mm rifles, three 6.5mm or 7.7mm light machineguns and three 50mm mortars. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21203
This unit represents an elite rifle platoon of 66 men equipped with Arisaka 7.7mm rifles, four 7.7mm light machineguns and four 50mm mortars. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21213
This unit represents the standard parachute infantry platoon of about fifty men equipped with paratrooper-type Arisaka 7.7mm rifles, three 7.7mm light machineguns and four 50mm grenade discharger (mortar) groups. A few 8mm submachineguns could also be present, but their use was rare. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21214
This unit represents a standard people's volunteer platoon comprised of civilian men and women. This unit was part of a much larger volunteer corps (Rengo Giyu Sento Tai) with a strength ranging from 16,618 to 102,566 civilians. A platoon would be the strength of a neighborhood or a group of houses trained by the Japanese military on how to shoot weapons and supply vital field observations on allied troop movements. Equipment consisted of whatever was at hand, ranging from spears to old rifles to suicide anti-tank mines.


P21204
This unit represents the standard machinegun section, comprised of about 22 men with two 7.7mm heavy machineguns. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21205
This unit represents the standard machinegun platoon, comprised of about 44 men with four 7.7mm heavy machineguns. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21206
This unit represents an engineer platoon of the Imperial Japanese Army. This platoon was trained in explosives as well as hand-to-hand combat tactics. Engineers would carry light infantry weapons (6.5mm or 7.7mm), satchel charges and some times flamethrowers. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21207
This unit represents an anti-tank-rifle platoon with two Type 97 20mm anti-tank rifles. This was a man-portable weapon weighing some 68kg (150 lb) and normally carried by four men. Though relatively rare, it could be issued to the machinegun or infantry-gun company of an infantry battalion, or in regimental anti-tank companies. The rifle companies of some independent mixed brigades included an anti-tank rifle-platoon.


P21208
This unit represents a cavalry platoon of 43 men equipped with Arisaka 6.5mm or 7.7mm rifles, three 6.5mm or 7.7mm light machineguns and two 50mm mortars. This type of platoon was generally found in the cavalry regiment of Type B infantry divisions and in independent mixed regiments. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21209
This unit represents a cavalry platoon of 35 men equipped with Arisaka 6.5mm or 7.7mm rifles, three 6.5mm or 7.7mm light machineguns and two 50mm mortars. This type of platoon was generally found in independent cavalry regiments/brigades. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.

P21210
This unit represents a cavalry platoon of 30 men equipped with Arisaka 6.5mm or 7.7mm rifles, four 6.5mm or 7.7mm light machineguns and four 50mm mortar groups. This type of platoon was generally found in the reconnaissance regiment of infantry divisions and in regimental combat teams. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21211
This unit represents a standard anti-aircraft machinegun platoon consisting of 22 men equipped with two 7.7mm machineguns on anti-aircraft mounts. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21212
This unit represents a standard heavy anti-aircraft machinegun platoon consisting of 22 men equipped with two single-barrel 13.2mm machineguns. The Japanese soldier was trained to fight in hand-to-hand combat for the Emperor and his country, and was taught to believe he was superior to his enemy. Dying on the field of battle for his emperor was considered an honor; conversely, being captured alive was a great dishonor and virtually unthinkable.


P21307
A Japanese army ("Area Army" in Japanese terminology) headquarters generally might control, in addition to subordinate corps, several motorized artillery battalions, AA battalions, various engineering formations (bridging, construction, signal etc.) and air liaison units.


P21306
A Japanese corps ("Army" in Japanese terminology) headquarters generally might control, in addition to subordinate divisions, several motorized artillery battalions, AA battalions, various engineering formations (bridging, construction, signal etc.) as well as AT battalions.


P21301
A Japanese divisional headquarters generally contained several hundred men, commanded by a lieutenant general. The divisional staff was sectioned and assigned departments such as ordnance, signal, and veterinary.


P21302
A Japanese brigade headquarters overshadowed four independent infantry battalions consisting of men, horses and all types of weapons from light infantry weapons to 70mm battalion guns.


P21308
A Japanese regimental headquarters (foot) comprised of an operational group containing an observation and a signal platoon with a strength of 130 men. Such a HQ typically controlled several battalions of infantry and their support weapons.


P21303
This unit represents the standard motorized regimental headquarters consisting of a sufficient number of vehicles to carry its men and equipment.


P21304
A Japanese infantry battalion headquarters normally consisted of about forty officers and enlisted men, divided into many sections (administration, ordnance, intelligence, etc.). In addition there was a supply echelon of about 110 men. The total strength of the headquarters was about 150 men.


P21305
This unit represents a motorized battalion headquarters consisting of a sufficient number vehicles to carry its men and equipment.


P21401
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.


P21402
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.


P21403
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.


P21404
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.


P21405
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.


P21406
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.


P21407
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.


P21408
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.


P21409
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.


P21410
The Japanese Army officer was trained to fight with his soldiers till death; retreat or surrender was not an option to be considered. Japanese officers fought with a strict code of conduct and expected the same from his soldiers. Their bravery was unquestioned. Allied soldiers, and snipers in particular, inflicted heavy casualties among the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army; any Japanese soldier wielding a sword was a marked man. The high casualty rate among the officers strained the effective leadership capabilities of the Japanese military. Promotions often came prematurely for many junior grade officers who lacked the proper skills and leadership capabilities. This urgency for officers would eventually affect the confidence and even the morale of the Japanese Army.

